跟读练习: Noam Chomsky on Language Aquisition - 通过视频学习英语口语

Language sets us apart.

Other animals communicate, but they don't have anything approaching the sophisticated grammar of human languages.

How is it that we learn to speak and think in language so easily?

Young children become adept in a new language very quickly.

Since the dawn of philosophy, thinkers have argued about whether or not we have innate ideas, whether we are born knowing things as Plato believed,

or rather, as John Locke and other empiricists argued, the mind is a blank slate on which experience writes.

An American linguist, Noam Chomsky, gave a twist to this debate in the 1960s by demonstrating

that children learning to speak just don't have enough information to form the complex grammatical manoeuvres

that allow them to generate unlimited new and original sentences.

Yet they do so with ease.

There's a poverty of stimulus.

Something else must be going on.

Chomsky's hypothesis was that there are inborn structures in our brain, what he called a language acquisition device,

or LAD, which gives us a natural propensity to organise the spoken language that we hear in various grammatical ways.

Without that, we couldn't get started as language learners.

If he's right, language structure is hardwired as a kind of universal grammar.

Our slates have been written on before we emerge from the womb.

✨ 推荐视频

16 句

Professor Explains the Truth About Learning a Language After 50 | Dr. Simone Pfenninger

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

本课的词汇与口语要点

这段视频共有 17 个句子、218 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 1:29。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 147 个词，很适合跟读。只有 74% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
argue 动词	/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/	辯論 /辩论, 爭辯 /争辩
grammar 名词	/ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/	語法 /语法, 文法
universal 形容词	/ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/	宇宙的
poverty 名词	/ˈpɑːvɚti/	貧窮 /贫穷, 貧困 /贫困
dawn 名词	/dɔːn/	黎明, 拂曉 /拂晓
acquisition 名词	/ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/	獲得 /获得
twist 动词	/twɪst/	扭, 搓
demonstrate 动词	/ˈdɛm.ənˌstɹeɪt/	论证
unlimited 形容词	/ʌnˈlɪm.ɪ.tɪd/	無限 /无限
sophisticated 形容词		有经验的
emerge 动词	/ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/	出現 /出现
hypothesis 名词	/haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/	假說 /假说, 假設 /假设
stimulus 名词	/ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/	刺激物
womb 名词	/wuːm/	子宮 /子宫
grammatical 形容词	/ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/	語法的 /语法的

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	are born · is hardwired · have been written
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have argued · have been written

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 3 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, couldn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
长单词——注意重音位置: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, unlimited /ʌnˈlɪm.ɪ.tɪd/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 argue, grammar, universal 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Noam Chomsky on Language Aquisition - 通过视频学习英语口语

Your Brain Peaked at Birth

The Concept of Language (Noam Chomsky)

Language Acquisition: Crash Course Linguistics #12

LangChain in 5 Minutes (Explained Clearly)

What Happens If a Child Never Hears Language?

Why is the English Language So Standardized — Ocean Vuong

Michael Swan: How to explain grammar (Part 3/6)

Learning to Speak ... Again

Steven Pinker: Linguistics as a Window to Understanding the Brain | Big Think

Language is so important - Jack Ma | #entrepreneur

I reached C1 without moving abroad, so you can just copy me