跟读练习: Self Educated Polymaths Will Win In The Digital Age - 通过视频学习英语口语
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We are living through a period of rapid change.
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In every direction, every facet of life right now, things are changing faster than ever.
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And what separates the rapid development today from the rapid development of previous eras, such as the Industrial Revolution,
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for example, is that we're not developing into a new societal structure and a new world.
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We're not going from an old world into a new world.
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We're going from a world
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that is set in its structure to a world where nothing stays the same for very long at all.
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The Industrial Revolution changed the world into a new way of living.
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But the world that we're going into with the digital renaissance
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and the technological development that we're seeing is a world where everything will just always be changing.
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And it'll be hard to find a set structure.
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Things will develop all the time, and you won't be able to find any real firm sense of grounding in a specific way of going about things.
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Things will just constantly develop, and you will always need to be on the move, and always need to be agile in that sense.
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And that's why the concept of being a self-educated polymath with a sense of intellectual fitness is so important.
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And that's why I want to talk about this book today called The Idea of a University by John Henry Newman,
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where he says that we shouldn't view the intellect as something that just allows us to learn how to do something.
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But we should view the intellect much more how we view the physical body, where you can work on your intellectual fitness.
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And it's so important to do so because by working on your intellectual fitness, you're able to be agile.
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The person who's intellectually fit will be able to be moved from one job to another, from one way of doing things to another,
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and be able to be a faster learner and excel in different facets of life.
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It's the same thing as if you were really good at tennis because you know how to play tennis, you would be better than somebody who is more fit than you,
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but has never played tennis before because they don't know how to play tennis, but you do.
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But if you both change to a completely new sport like basketball, for example, and they've never played basketball and neither have you,
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but they're more fit than you, then all of a sudden they're going to be better at basketball right off the jump because they're just more physically capable.
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They have that agility in that sense.
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And that's how you need to view the intellect.
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While, of course, it is important to know how to do specific things if you want to be a writer, you need to know how to write.
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You need to know the rules of grammar.
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You need to know how to structure a paragraph, how to structure a story.
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Of course, that's important.
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But what separates the great writers from the good writers is
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that the great writers have intellectual fitness where they've gone down all these different rabbit holes.
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They've learned about history.
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They've learned about science.
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They've learned about mathematics.
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And they can work that into their writing.
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They can weave that in.
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They have intellectual agility and intellectual fitness, which allows their work to be more unique.
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And in the age of the digital renaissance, in the age of artificial intelligence,
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your own unique intellectual ability is what is going to set you apart from other people
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and allow you to have a firm sense of your own intellectual fitness
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so that if you need to pivot in your career, if you need to pivot in life because technology has streamlined a specific process
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and all of a sudden something you were doing or the way you were going about your own work doesn't work anymore, it's not efficient in the current age and you need to develop,
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you need to change, you need to adapt, you can do that at a better ability because you have that intellectual fitness.
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And John Henry Newman believed that this is what universities should teach, that universities shouldn't just always be about practical memorization techniques
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and be so rigid in its rubric and in its structure of education,
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but universities should also allow the students to learn purely for the sake of learning,
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because learning and education in itself is a good thing.
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It doesn't always need to be practical.
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It doesn't always need to be applicable, because when you just learn for its own sake, like when you read philosophy, there's nothing practical about that.
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I mean, you're either going to be a priest or an academic.
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You're not going to be able to build a proper business and structure out of just studying philosophy.
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But it does help your brain.
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It allows you to be more intellectually fit, which allows you perhaps to think about business in a different way.
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And then when you learn how to go about the business you're looking to start, you have your own unique approach to it, if that makes sense.
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You just have basic agility of the intellect.
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And so to get back to the digital age, to get back to AI, it is extremely important.
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But the good thing is today, we don't necessarily need universities to do that, Because we have YouTube, we have the internet, we have social media, we can follow our own curiosity in
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so many different angles that we are able to self-educate
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and become a self-educated polymath and increase our intellectual fitness without the need of a university
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and we can do it basically completely free.
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However, the one caveat to this self-education trend
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that we're seeing online right now is that it is easier to go into echo chambers.
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If you're going down a rabbit hole of history, for example, it's easy to go down one side's version of history
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and completely miss some facts that happened on the other side and not be able to hold two truths at once,
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which isn't going to make you intellectually fit.
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It's just going to make you intellectually biased.
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And it's very important when going down this self-education route, when trying to be a self-educated polymath,
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to remember that you need to always be curious and always understand
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that you need to challenge yourself and find things you disagree with, as that's what actually makes you intellectually fit.
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There's a really great idea that comes from C.S.
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Lewis when it comes to your own reading,
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which is that you should always assume that the person who wrote the book you're reading may know something that you don't.
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The importance of that is that you know that maybe you will disagree on certain elements.
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Maybe you know something this writer doesn't, but you should assume that they know something you don't because it allows you to open up your curiosity,
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open up your mind, and be receptive to actually expand your mind,
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to actually learn, to actually increase your intellectual fitness without blocking off learning new things just
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because you want to hold strong to your own bias.
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You need to always assume that other people know something you don't, because the simple fact of the matter is, is that you can't know everything, and that no matter who you meet on the street,
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they will know something that you don't.
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They will be right about something that you were wrong about.
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You can't be perfect, you can't know everything, and so when going down this self-education route, when trying to become a self-educated polymath,
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it's always important to keep up that curiosity, to always assume that other people know things you don't, and have some humility in that sense.
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Once again, that comes back to your own curiosity.
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If you can be curious without ego, you're going to expand your intellectual fitness more, you're going to be able to learn more,
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you're going to become a better self-educator, and you're going to be much more equipped for this modern world, where things will always be changing,
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things will always be adapting.
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When you think back just 20 years ago, you would never think that there would be philosophy podcasts
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that are earning millions of dollars a year due to their own media that they're putting out.
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That just wouldn't seem plausible.
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That wouldn't seem possible.
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An academic who's into philosophy wouldn't build some successful seven-figure business model, but because of technology, it's changed the way the world works.
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That opportunity opened up, and they were able to capitalize on that due to their own intellectual agility.
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And this happens in every different direction now.
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This is so, so, so important.
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So always remember to not just treat learning and education as something that needs to be practical,
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but remember that learning for its own sake is also really great and is going to be crucial in today's age.
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But with that said, I hope you guys enjoyed this video and until next time, take care.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Self Educated Polymaths Will Win In The Digital Age”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：intellectual, fitness, self, structure, allow。 这段视频共有 98 个句子、1540 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 9:07。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 169 个词，接近日常对话。 88% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| agility 名词 | /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/ | 敏捷性, 靈活性 /灵活性 |
| intellect 名词 | /ˈɪntəlɛkt/ | 思力, 心智 |
| polymath 名词 | /ˈpɑliˌmæθ/ | 學識淵博的人 /学识渊博的人, 博學的人 /博学的人 |
| curiosity 名词 | /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/ | 好奇, 好奇心 |
| agile 形容词 | /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl/ | 敏捷 |
| facet 名词 | /ˈfæs.ɪt/ | 刻面 |
| pivot 名词 | /ˈpɪv.ɪt/ | 樞 /枢, 樞紐 /枢纽 |
| renaissance 名词 | /ɹəˈneɪs(ə)ns/ | 復興 /复兴 |
| adapt 动词 | /əˈdæpt/ | 適應 /适应 |
| rabbit 名词 | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | 兔子, 白兔 |
| disagree 动词 | /dɪsəˈɡɹi/ | 不同意, 反對 /反对 |
| bias 名词 | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | 偏見 /偏见 |
| caveat 名词 | /ˈkæviɑt/ | 警示 |
| learner 名词 | /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/ | 學習者 /学习者 |
| streamline 动词 | /ˈstriːmlaɪn/ | 精簡 /精简, 簡化 /简化 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| go down 动词 | 下降, 下去 |
| think back 动词 | 回想, 回憶 /回忆 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has never played · they've never played · they've gone |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is set · be moved |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | somebody who is · person who wrote |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 47 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, don't, we're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: polymath /ˈpɑliˌmæθ/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: agility /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/, curiosity /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/, capitalize /ˈkæpətəˌlaɪz/, memorization /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/, educator /ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɚ/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: pivot /ˈpɪv.ɪt/, caveat /ˈkæviɑt/, receptive /ɹəˈsɛptɪv/, weave /wiːv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: educate /ˈɛd͡ʒ.əˌkeɪt/, intellect /ˈɪntəlɛkt/, polymath /ˈpɑliˌmæθ/, facet /ˈfæs.ɪt/, pivot /ˈpɪv.ɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/, streamline /ˈstriːmlaɪn/, purely /ˈpjʊɹli/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 agility, intellect, polymath 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。