跟讀練習: Self Educated Polymaths Will Win In The Digital Age - 通過影片學習英語口語
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98 句
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We are living through a period of rapid change.
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In every direction, every facet of life right now, things are changing faster than ever.
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And what separates the rapid development today from the rapid development of previous eras, such as the Industrial Revolution,
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for example, is that we're not developing into a new societal structure and a new world.
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We're not going from an old world into a new world.
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We're going from a world
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that is set in its structure to a world where nothing stays the same for very long at all.
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The Industrial Revolution changed the world into a new way of living.
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But the world that we're going into with the digital renaissance
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and the technological development that we're seeing is a world where everything will just always be changing.
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And it'll be hard to find a set structure.
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Things will develop all the time, and you won't be able to find any real firm sense of grounding in a specific way of going about things.
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Things will just constantly develop, and you will always need to be on the move, and always need to be agile in that sense.
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And that's why the concept of being a self-educated polymath with a sense of intellectual fitness is so important.
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And that's why I want to talk about this book today called The Idea of a University by John Henry Newman,
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where he says that we shouldn't view the intellect as something that just allows us to learn how to do something.
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But we should view the intellect much more how we view the physical body, where you can work on your intellectual fitness.
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And it's so important to do so because by working on your intellectual fitness, you're able to be agile.
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The person who's intellectually fit will be able to be moved from one job to another, from one way of doing things to another,
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and be able to be a faster learner and excel in different facets of life.
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It's the same thing as if you were really good at tennis because you know how to play tennis, you would be better than somebody who is more fit than you,
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but has never played tennis before because they don't know how to play tennis, but you do.
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But if you both change to a completely new sport like basketball, for example, and they've never played basketball and neither have you,
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but they're more fit than you, then all of a sudden they're going to be better at basketball right off the jump because they're just more physically capable.
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They have that agility in that sense.
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And that's how you need to view the intellect.
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While, of course, it is important to know how to do specific things if you want to be a writer, you need to know how to write.
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You need to know the rules of grammar.
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You need to know how to structure a paragraph, how to structure a story.
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Of course, that's important.
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But what separates the great writers from the good writers is
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that the great writers have intellectual fitness where they've gone down all these different rabbit holes.
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They've learned about history.
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They've learned about science.
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They've learned about mathematics.
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And they can work that into their writing.
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They can weave that in.
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They have intellectual agility and intellectual fitness, which allows their work to be more unique.
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And in the age of the digital renaissance, in the age of artificial intelligence,
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your own unique intellectual ability is what is going to set you apart from other people
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and allow you to have a firm sense of your own intellectual fitness
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so that if you need to pivot in your career, if you need to pivot in life because technology has streamlined a specific process
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and all of a sudden something you were doing or the way you were going about your own work doesn't work anymore, it's not efficient in the current age and you need to develop,
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you need to change, you need to adapt, you can do that at a better ability because you have that intellectual fitness.
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And John Henry Newman believed that this is what universities should teach, that universities shouldn't just always be about practical memorization techniques
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and be so rigid in its rubric and in its structure of education,
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but universities should also allow the students to learn purely for the sake of learning,
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because learning and education in itself is a good thing.
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It doesn't always need to be practical.
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It doesn't always need to be applicable, because when you just learn for its own sake, like when you read philosophy, there's nothing practical about that.
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I mean, you're either going to be a priest or an academic.
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You're not going to be able to build a proper business and structure out of just studying philosophy.
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But it does help your brain.
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It allows you to be more intellectually fit, which allows you perhaps to think about business in a different way.
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And then when you learn how to go about the business you're looking to start, you have your own unique approach to it, if that makes sense.
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You just have basic agility of the intellect.
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And so to get back to the digital age, to get back to AI, it is extremely important.
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But the good thing is today, we don't necessarily need universities to do that, Because we have YouTube, we have the internet, we have social media, we can follow our own curiosity in
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so many different angles that we are able to self-educate
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and become a self-educated polymath and increase our intellectual fitness without the need of a university
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and we can do it basically completely free.
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However, the one caveat to this self-education trend
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that we're seeing online right now is that it is easier to go into echo chambers.
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If you're going down a rabbit hole of history, for example, it's easy to go down one side's version of history
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and completely miss some facts that happened on the other side and not be able to hold two truths at once,
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which isn't going to make you intellectually fit.
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It's just going to make you intellectually biased.
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And it's very important when going down this self-education route, when trying to be a self-educated polymath,
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to remember that you need to always be curious and always understand
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that you need to challenge yourself and find things you disagree with, as that's what actually makes you intellectually fit.
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There's a really great idea that comes from C.S.
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Lewis when it comes to your own reading,
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which is that you should always assume that the person who wrote the book you're reading may know something that you don't.
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The importance of that is that you know that maybe you will disagree on certain elements.
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Maybe you know something this writer doesn't, but you should assume that they know something you don't because it allows you to open up your curiosity,
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open up your mind, and be receptive to actually expand your mind,
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to actually learn, to actually increase your intellectual fitness without blocking off learning new things just
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because you want to hold strong to your own bias.
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You need to always assume that other people know something you don't, because the simple fact of the matter is, is that you can't know everything, and that no matter who you meet on the street,
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they will know something that you don't.
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They will be right about something that you were wrong about.
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You can't be perfect, you can't know everything, and so when going down this self-education route, when trying to become a self-educated polymath,
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it's always important to keep up that curiosity, to always assume that other people know things you don't, and have some humility in that sense.
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Once again, that comes back to your own curiosity.
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If you can be curious without ego, you're going to expand your intellectual fitness more, you're going to be able to learn more,
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you're going to become a better self-educator, and you're going to be much more equipped for this modern world, where things will always be changing,
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things will always be adapting.
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When you think back just 20 years ago, you would never think that there would be philosophy podcasts
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that are earning millions of dollars a year due to their own media that they're putting out.
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That just wouldn't seem plausible.
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That wouldn't seem possible.
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An academic who's into philosophy wouldn't build some successful seven-figure business model, but because of technology, it's changed the way the world works.
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That opportunity opened up, and they were able to capitalize on that due to their own intellectual agility.
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And this happens in every different direction now.
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This is so, so, so important.
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So always remember to not just treat learning and education as something that needs to be practical,
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but remember that learning for its own sake is also really great and is going to be crucial in today's age.
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But with that said, I hope you guys enjoyed this video and until next time, take care.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Self Educated Polymaths Will Win In The Digital Age”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：intellectual, fitness, self, structure, allow。 這段影片共有 98 個句子、1540 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 9:07。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 169 個詞，接近日常對話。 88% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| agility 名詞 | /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/ | 敏捷性, 靈活性 /靈活性 |
| intellect 名詞 | /ˈɪntəlɛkt/ | 思力, 心智 |
| polymath 名詞 | /ˈpɑliˌmæθ/ | 學識淵博的人 /學識淵博的人, 博學的人 /博學的人 |
| curiosity 名詞 | /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/ | 好奇, 好奇心 |
| agile 形容詞 | /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl/ | 敏捷 |
| facet 名詞 | /ˈfæs.ɪt/ | 刻面 |
| pivot 名詞 | /ˈpɪv.ɪt/ | 樞 /樞, 樞紐 /樞紐 |
| renaissance 名詞 | /ɹəˈneɪs(ə)ns/ | 復興 /復興 |
| adapt 動詞 | /əˈdæpt/ | 適應 /適應 |
| rabbit 名詞 | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | 兔子, 白兔 |
| disagree 動詞 | /dɪsəˈɡɹi/ | 不同意, 反對 /反對 |
| bias 名詞 | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | 偏見 /偏見 |
| caveat 名詞 | /ˈkæviɑt/ | 警示 |
| learner 名詞 | /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/ | 學習者 /學習者 |
| streamline 動詞 | /ˈstriːmlaɪn/ | 精簡 /精簡, 簡化 /簡化 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| go down 動詞 | 下降, 下去 |
| think back 動詞 | 回想, 回憶 /回憶 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has never played · they've never played · they've gone |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is set · be moved |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | somebody who is · person who wrote |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 47 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, don't, we're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: polymath /ˈpɑliˌmæθ/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: agility /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/, curiosity /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/, capitalize /ˈkæpətəˌlaɪz/, memorization /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/, educator /ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɚ/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: pivot /ˈpɪv.ɪt/, caveat /ˈkæviɑt/, receptive /ɹəˈsɛptɪv/, weave /wiːv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: educate /ˈɛd͡ʒ.əˌkeɪt/, intellect /ˈɪntəlɛkt/, polymath /ˈpɑliˌmæθ/, facet /ˈfæs.ɪt/, pivot /ˈpɪv.ɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/, streamline /ˈstriːmlaɪn/, purely /ˈpjʊɹli/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 agility, intellect, polymath 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。