跟读练习: The Science Of Being Funny - 通过视频学习英语口语
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104 句
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Some people are what you would describe as funny, humorous, or overall completely stupid.
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But why is it that things like naive stupidity, over-exaggeration, and unexpected twists give you a mini-seizure?
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Why does it happen anytime Theo van communicates, and how can you make it happen to other people?
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Well, there are four big things.
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Step one, know what's funny.
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At the humor research lab, a few dudes came up with something called the benign violation theory.
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This theory states that humor occurs when and only when three things happen.
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There is a violation, the situation is benign, and both these things happen at the same time.
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Thank you, Eminem.
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Also, what sort of posh language is benign, and is it German?
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No, it's Latin.
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That means kind or not harmful.
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Cool.
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So if something is funny, it is an unharmful or benign violation.
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What is a violation?
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In this context, it's anything that threatens the way you believe the world should be, or threatens the norm.
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Violations have many fonts, including physical, identity, cultural, communication, logical, and moral.
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Let me give you an example.
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If I were to come up to you on the street and start punching you in the stomach, you probably won't laugh and may even be upset.
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This is a pure physical violation.
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If I instead were to start tickling you, that would be even weirder and still a pure violation because you don't know me.
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But if a friend tries to tickle you, odds are you're gonna slip a giggle.
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Even if me and your friend have the same exact tickling technique, you almost certainly won't find mine amusing.
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But with your friend, you know you are safe and the environment is benign, and therefore, you squeal like a little girl.
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Other things that may also make you squeal in excitement is the new War Thunder update.
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For those of you who live under a rock, War Thunder is an insanely epic, free-to-play military combat game available on PC, Mac, Xbox, and PlayStation.
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War Thunder completely immerses you into intense battles.
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The sheer amount of iconic, old, and new tanks, planes, helicopters, and ships is just madness.
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The detail on each element of the equipment, both visually and in gameplay, will simply blow the shocks off of all of you fans of military vehicles.
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Want to demolish your foes on the front line in a tank? you add air support from a chopper
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or even dogfight your enemies in the clouds.
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But wait, the best part?
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These different types of equipment fight together on the same map.
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War Thunder also offers tons of customization so you can add new modules to your vehicle and make it unique.
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Oh, and forget those unimmersive health bars.
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In War Thunder, every hit actually affects the enemy's vehicles like in real life.
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With the new update Alpha Strike, Hungarian Aviation is now available along with tons of new equipment.
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Visuals are better, the gameplay has been refined, and there's a sick new map.
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War Thunder for free with the link in the description.
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All new players
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and people who haven't played for at least 6 months will get special bonuses including 3 premium vehicles for free
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and a free week of a premium account.
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And you might want to do this, like, ASAP because the American vehicle bonus season is going to end soon.
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So again, download War Thunder for free, link in the description.
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Anyways, back to business.
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It's almost never as obvious on whether a violation is benign like the example I gave.
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So how can you make a violation benign in a joke, for example? ways to not be strongly committed to the violated norm.
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This is a slippery slope, and can be overdone.
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For example, if I were to say, wouldn't it be funny if, before every joke, everything would be too benign and the jokes wouldn't be as funny because the threat is an absolute zero.
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A better method is subtle sarcasm.
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You can tell the violation isn't gonna happen, but also no one ever outright said it wouldn't.
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Another method is to make the violation psychologically distant.
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So jokes about the Titanic today could be funny because the tragedy is very, very distant, and also because there was definitely room on that door.
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This is why people might say I can joke about it now a
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while after some bad incident like a breakup because while the violation obviously still happened, it was a while ago and it doesn't feel as real.
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You can also apply this to things
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that are going to happen in the future or things that are happening now on other parts of the world.
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And the final method to make a violation benign is if there's some alternative explanation that somehow makes the violation okay.
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This explains tickling because it's a mock attack.
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Still an attack, but not a dangerous one.
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Benign violation.
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Step two, know your victim.
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You may be thinking, bro, you're talking about humor like it's the same every time, but the jokes I make with the boys won't work on my mom.
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And that's true.
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Humor is subjective.
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This is because everyone has different perspectives or opinions on what is benign and what is a violation.
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So before you try that orphan joke on Beatrice, feel it out.
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Get to know her first.
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She seems like the type, give it a shot.
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And when the joke flops, run to your room, slam the door and play some War Thunder.
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Step three, good joke qualities.
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If you ask a comedian what makes a joke good, they're likely going to tell you three things.
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Brevity is the soul of wit.
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AKA, get to the point, no one wants to hear you ramble, everyone wants to hear the punchline.
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Second, be specific.
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Saying, so I told the old grandma, dot, dot, dot, isn't as funny as saying, so I told Beatrice, dot, dot, dot.
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Notice too how the specific one took up less words.
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You don't have to sacrifice brevity for specificity.
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Get creative.
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Third, the rule of three.
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If you're listing things with the plan to list something drastically different at the end to be funny, list three of them.
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Two normal ones to make a pattern and one at the end to break it.
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You're establishing what's benign yourself and then making the violation.
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Step four, make bad jokes.
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If your goal is to become a more funny person, this is the most important step of the whole video and you will 100% fail without it.
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Let's talk about neuroplasticity.
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When you're learning pretty much anything, there are two results, failure and success.
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In order for neuroplasticity to activate in your brain, it needs to have a reason.
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This is why ultimately making bad jokes will make you funnier.
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It's because you failed, and because of that failure, your brain is really open to making new neural connections, releasing a few specific neural chemicals, or in other words, increasing plasticity.
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So when you're with your friends and you throw out five bad jokes before one lands, Because you previously threw out the five bad jokes,
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your brain is incredibly keen on subconsciously noting what worked with your success and what didn't with your failures.
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Then, technically, the actual improvement happens later during sleep.
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If you just make a good joke at the start, your brain doesn't note anything.
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It doesn't particularly take into account what just worked.
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Those neural chemicals aren't released with that joke, meaning your brain is not in a state of plasticity.
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After all, it has no reason to be.
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That's why making bad jokes is vital.
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And with that said, allow me to hit you with a banger.
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What did Beatrice say to her grandson?
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Download War Thunder.
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Link in the description.
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Also, since you're funny now, you gotta pay me, so that's gonna cost you one subscribe, and the screen should ask you some questions, so...
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Yeah.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“The Science Of Being Funny”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：violation, joke, benign, funny, Thunder。 这段视频共有 104 个句子、1339 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 6:12。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 216 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 只有 80% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| violation 名词 | /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ | 違規 /违规 |
| benign 形容词 | /bɪˈnaɪn/ | 和藹 /和蔼, 溫和 /温和 |
| tickle 动词 | /ˈtɪkl̩/ | 胳肢, 癢癢 /痒痒 |
| humour 名词 | /ˈhjuːmɚ/ | 幽默, 諧謔 /谐谑 |
| neuroplasticity 名词 | 神經可塑性 /神经可塑性 | |
| plasticity 名词 | /ˌplæs.ˈtɪs.ɪ.ti/ | 可塑性 |
| squeal 动词 | /skwil/ | 尖聲啼哭 /尖声啼哭 |
| norm 名词 | /nɔːm/ | 常態 /常态, 規範 /规范 |
| threaten 动词 | /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/ | 威脅 /威胁, 恐嚇 /恐吓 |
| gameplay 名词 | /ˈɡeɪmˌpleɪ/ | 玩法, 遊戲性 /游戏性 |
| banger 名词 | /ˈbæŋ.ə/ | 神曲 |
| demolish 动词 | /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃ/ | 拆除 |
| exaggeration 名词 | /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/ | 誇大 /夸大, 誇張 /夸张 |
| giggle 动词 | /ˈɡɪɡl̩/ | 傻笑, 痴笑 |
| overdo 动词 | /ˌoʊvɚˈdu/ | 做得過分 /做得过分 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| come up with 动词 | 想出, 提出 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 条件句 if + 从句，will/would + 动词 — 条件及其结果 | if I were to say, wouldn't it |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has been refined · haven't played |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | has been refined · aren't released |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 28 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, doesn't, gonna。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: violation /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, demolish /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃ/, exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/, sheer /ʃɪɚ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: violation /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, plasticity /ˌplæs.ˈtɪs.ɪ.ti/, exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/, specificity /spɛsɪˈfɪsɪti/, stupidity /stuˈpɪdɪti/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: violation /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, brevity /ˈbɹɛvɪti/, overdo /ˌoʊvɚˈdu/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/, violate /ˈvaɪəˌleɪt/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: distant /ˈdɪstənt/, demolish /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃ/, dogfight /ˈdɒɡ.faɪt/, immerse /ɪˈmɜɹs/, flop /flɑp/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: neural /ˈnʊɹəl/, ramble /ˈɹæmbəl/, slippery /ˈslɪpəɹi/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, helicopter /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 violation, benign, tickle 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。