跟读练习: Ticks Can Spread An Allergy To… Red Meat? - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
C1
Ticks are the worst.
64 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
Ticks are the worst.
2
And they’re very effective at being the worst.
3
They’re responsible for 77% of diseases in the US passed to humans by blood-feeding critters, like lyme disease and spotted fevers.
4
But the weirdest tick-borne disease out there is a lot stranger.
5
The only common manifestation is an allergy to red meat.
6
It’s called Alpha-Gal Syndrome, or AGS.
7
And, it is spreading.
8
[♪ INTRO] Alpha-gal syndrome is kind of a baby in the tick-borne disease world.
9
It was only confirmed in 2007.
10
And its main sign is that it causes you to develop an allergic reaction to a sugar called alpha-gal.
11
It’s actually one of only two known allergies where the thing you react to is a sugar, instead of a protein.
12
Almost all mammals make this alpha-gal sugar, but the gene is inactivated in humans and some other primates, so we don’t produce it.
13
We don’t fully understand the mechanism of how ticks cause Alpha-gal syndrome, but we think it has to do with their spit.
14
Ticks carry all kinds of nasty stuff in their saliva, like the bacteria that causes Lyme disease.
15
It’s also chock full of proteins that have an outer coating of a whole bunch of alpha-gal sugars.
16
The main hypothesis right now is that when they snack on us, those alpha-gal covered proteins enter our body.
17
And because humans don’t produce this sugar, it’s treated as a foreign invader, triggering our immune systems to see it as a threat.
18
That causes the body to produce antibodies called IgEs, which are then primed to recognise alpha-gal as a threat in the future.
19
And that future is inevitable for eaters of red meat, since, as we said, basically all other mammals make that sugar too.
20
Which means that the next time the unsuspecting tick-bite victim digs into a burger or hotdog, the antibodies spot the sugar and tell immune cells to release chemical signals, triggering an allergic reaction.
21
This can present in a few different ways, from uncomfortable rashes to something as severe as anaphylaxis.
22
And unlike in other allergic reactions, where anaphylaxis is almost immediate, Alpha-gal related anaphylaxis can be delayed for hours after eating meat.
23
Despite the delay, this is still a serious, potentially-fatal reaction, so getting a quick and correct diagnosis is super important.
24
But that isn’t as simple as it sounds.
25
One survey found that nearly half of health care practitioners in the United States hadn’t even heard of alpha-gal syndrome, and less than a third felt comfortable diagnosing it.
26
The lack of widespread knowledge on this new illness is a pretty big issue.
27
The CDC estimates that more than 450,000 in the United States might have developed the life-threatening allergy since 2010, many of whom won’t even realize they have the illness.
28
The majority of these cases are found in the eastern United States, which is also where we find the Lone Star tick, a species of tick named for the single white dot on its back.
29
The Lone Star tick is responsible for a plethora of nasty diseases like ehrlichiosis, Heartland virus disease and southern tick-associated rash illness.
30
And, alpha-gal syndrome.
31
But this disease isn’t unique to the Lone Star tick or even the United States.
32
From South Africa to Sweden, Alpha-gal syndrome has been spread by different but equally nasty species of ticks in countries on every continent but Antartica.
33
Now, if you’re one of the growing number of people across the globe with alpha-gal syndrome but you still have a hankering for bacon, not all is lost.
34
In 2020, the FDA approved a line of “GalSafe” domestic pigs for both food and therapeutic use.
35
These pigs don’t express alpha-gal on their cells, so shouldn’t trigger an allergic reaction.
36
It might just be easier and cheaper to cut mammal meat out of your diet, though.
37
But people with alpha-gal syndrome aren’t just missing out on steak.
38
It can cause reactions to other products containing alpha-gal like dairy and gelatin.
39
And the bigger concern with Alpha-gal syndrome is the potential for reactions to pharmaceutical products that contain alpha-gal, which are much more complicated to avoid than meat or dairy.
40
Take Cetuximab, a drug used to treat colorectal cancer and squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
41
Back in 2007, people in areas like Tennessee and North Carolina were reported to show negative reactions to Cetuximab at much higher rates than reported elsewhere.
42
We now know that people in these areas are much more likely to report being bitten by the fiendish Lone Star tick, and those adverse reactions were caused by Alpha-gal syndrome.
43
Unfortunately, beyond avoiding the triggers, there’s no cure for Alpha-gal syndrome.
44
Although the symptoms can lessen or even disappear over time, there’s no guarantee of that happening.
45
So your best bet to keep enjoying the occasional steak is to try and avoid tick bites altogether.
46
Which is becoming increasingly difficult to do.
47
For instance, Lone Star ticks have been found in the southeastern United States for over a century, but in the past few decades they‘ve been expanding their territory northward.
48
As temperatures increase due to the climate crisis, conditions become much more favourable for ticks to survive and reproduce.
49
So we’re seeing more ticks than ever, and a longer active season for them to find humans to snack on.
50
All of this means the potential for more tick-borne disease, including Alpha-gal syndrome.
51
So I guess if you do want to continue eating that McDonalds hamburger the best thing to do is to follow the ABCs of tick prevention.
52
A - Avoid places ticks love to hide out, like tall grasses and leaf litter.
53
B- bug spray!
54
And lots of it.
55
The CDC recommends bug spray containing 30% DEET or picaridin.
56
And C - clothing.
57
Cover up with long clothes, and tuck your pants into your socks if you plan on wading through long grass.
58
These are all simple but effective ways to stay safe against ticks and avoid a future allergy to cheese.
59
And, given the damage ticks can do, this is good advice even if you’re a vegetarian.
60
A big thank you to our patrons on Patreon for making this video possible.
61
Your support helps us keep these lights on and also other lights throughout this building and also mainly to pay the people who make this stuff.
62
Aside from that warm fuzzy feeling, our patrons also get access to, like, a ton of neat perks, like a monthly patron-only podcast, blooper reels–very fun–and our private Discord server.
63
If all that sounds up your alley, head on over to Patreon.com/scishow to learn more.
64
[♪ OUTRO]
下载应用
AI 为你说出的每个句子打分
TRENDING
热门
为什么要通过这个视频练习说话？
通过观看和练习这个关于“蜱虫传播红肉过敏”的视频，你不仅可以学到关于健康和疾病的新知识，还能提高你的英语发音能力。在视频中，专家详细讲解了蜱虫如何导致一种新型过敏反应，名为α-gal综合症。这种背景提供了一个与实际生活相关的语境，有助于你更好地理解和使用英语。在此过程中，shadow speak（影子跟读）可以帮助你模仿说话者的节奏和语调，从而提升口语流利度。
语法与表达在语境中
视频中使用了几种重要的语法结构和表达方式，这对学习者来说非常有帮助：
- 被动语态: “Ticks are responsible for...” 这是一个常见的被动结构，用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
- 条件句: “If you’re one of the growing number of people...” 这种条件句构造在讨论可能发生的情况时非常实用。
- 名词化: “The only common manifestation is an allergy...” 这种结构在学术和正式场合中经常出现，有助于清晰表达复杂概念。
- 比较结构: “is spreading a lot stranger than...” 用于比较不同情况或现象，可以增强论证的逻辑性。
通过英语影子跟读，你可以精确模仿这些语法结构的用法，从而在自己的言谈中更加自如地运用。
常见发音陷阱
在视频中，有一些较为复杂的单词和短语可能会给学习者带来发音上的挑战：
- Alpha-gal: 这个字音较特殊，初学者可能会听错或读错。
- Anaphylaxis: 这个医学术语的发音较长，多个音节容易造成发音错误。
- Lone Star tick: 词组中的“star”与“tick”的发音需要特别注意，避免混淆。
通过shadow speech（影子语音）练习，你可以模仿视频中说话者的发音和语调，确保准确传达信息。提高英语发音的关键在于不断的练习和应用。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。