跟读练习: Why Meat is the Best Worst Thing in the World 🍔 - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Humans love meat.
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Humans love meat.
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Steak, fried chicken, bacon, pork belly and sausages are just the best things.
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Eating meat has become so trivial that many people don't consider something a proper meal if there's no animal involved.
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Which is pretty amazing, since only a few decades ago meat was a luxury product.
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Today you can get a cheeseburger for a dollar.
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Paradoxically, meat is pretty much the most inefficient way of feeding humans.
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If we look at it on a global scale, our meaty diet is literally eating up the planet.
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Why is that and what can we do about it without giving up steak?
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Humans keep a lot of animals for food.
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Currently about 23 billion chickens, 1.5 billion cattle and roughly 1 billion pigs and sheep.
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That's a lot of mouths to feed, so we've transformed earth into a giant feeding ground.
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83% of its farmland is used for livestock, for example as pasture and to farm fodder crops like corn and soy.
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That's 26% of earth's total land area.
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If we include the water we need for these plants, meat and dairy production accounts for 27% of global fresh water consumption.
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Unfortunately, meat production is like a black hole for resources.
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Since animals are living things, most of their food is used to keep them alive while they grow their tasty parts.
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Only a fraction of the nutrients from fodder crops end up in the meat we buy in the end in the end.
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Cows, for example, convert only about 4% of the proteins
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and 3% of the calories of the plants we feed to them into beef.
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More than 97% of the calories are lost to us.
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To create one kilogram of steak, a cow needs to eat up to 25 kilos of grain and uses up to 15,000 liters of water.
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Animal products are guzzling up tons of food, but they only make up 18% of the the calories humans eat.
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According to projections, we could nourish an additional 3.5 billion people if we just ate the stuff we feed to animals.
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To make our favorite food group even more unsustainable, about 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are created by the meat industry,
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as much as by all ships, planes, trucks and cars combined.
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And there's another aspect to meat.
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It comes from actual living beings.
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Pigs, cattle and chicken are not the ones writing the history books, but if they were, humans would appear as rampant genocidal maniacs that thrive on suffering.
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Globally we kill about 200 million animals every day.
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About 74 billion a year.
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This means that every one and a half years,
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we kill more animals than people have lived in the entire 200,000 year history of humanity.
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One could argue that we're doing them a favor, after all they wouldn't exist without us.
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We might eat them in the end, but we also provide food and shelter and the gift of existence to them.
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Unfortunately, we're not very nice gods.
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A lot of our meat comes from factory farms, huge industrial systems that house thousands of animals.
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Engineered to be as efficient as possible, they have little regard for things like quality of life.
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Most pigs are raised in gigantic windowless sheds and never get to see the sun.
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Sows are kept in pens too small to turn around, where they give birth to one litter of piglets after another until it's their turn to be turned into bacon.
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Dairy cows are forced to breed continually to ensure their milk supply, but are separated from their calves hours after birth.
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To fasten up beef cattle for slaughter, they're put in feedlots, confined pens where they can't roam, and put on weight more quickly.
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To make it possible to keep them so tightly together Without dying of diseases, the majority of antibiotics we use are for livestock,
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up to 80% in the US.
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Which helps in the short term, but also fuels antibiotic resistances.
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But the ones that may have got the worst deal are chickens.
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In factory farms, they're kept in such vast numbers and
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so close to each other that they can't form the social structures they have in nature.
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So they start attacking each other.
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To stop that, we cut their beaks and claws.
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Male chickens are deemed worthless since they can't lay eggs and are not suitable for meat production.
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So within minutes after birth, they're usually gassed and shredded in grinders.
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Several hundred million baby chickens are killed this way each year.
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Even if you had a personal score to settle with chickens, how we treat them is beyond broken.
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So, better buy organic meat, where animals are treated nicely, right?
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Organic farming regulations are designed to grant animals a minimum of comfort.
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The problem is that organic is an elastic term.
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According to EU regulations, an organic hen still might share one square meter of space with five others.
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That's a long way off from happy farmyard chickens.
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Farms that sincerely do their best do exist, of course.
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But meat is still a business.
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An organic label is a way to charge more money
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and countless scandals have revealed producers looking for ways to cheat the system.
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And while organic meat might be less cruel, it needs even more resources than conventional meat production.
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So buying organic is still preferable, but does not grant you moral absolution.
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The truth is, if suffering were a resource, we would create billions of tons of it per year.
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The way we treat animals will probably be one of the things future generations will look down on in disgust.
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While all these things are true, something else is true too.
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Milk is amazing.
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Burgers are the best food.
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Chicken wings taste great.
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Meat satisfies something buried deep in our lizard brain.
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We hardly ever see how our meat is made, we just eat it and love it.
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It creates joy, it brings us together for family meals and barbecue parties.
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Eating meat doesn't make you a bad person, not eating meat doesn't make you a good one.
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Life is complicated and so is the world we've created.
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So, how should we deal with the fact that meat is extremely unsustainable and a sort of horrible torture?
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For now, the easiest option is opting out more often.
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Taking a meat-free day per week already makes a difference.
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If you want to eat meat produced with less suffering, try to buy from trusted producers with a good track record, even if it costs more.
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To make an impact on the environment, go for chicken and pig rather than lamb and beef, as they convert their feed more efficiently into meat.
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And if you're going to have your steak, you should eat it too.
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An average American throws out nearly a pound of food per day, a lot of which is meat.
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In the future, science could get us clean meat.
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Various startups have successfully grown meat in labs and are working on doing so on a commercial scale.
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But solutions like this are still a few years away.
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For now, enjoy your steak, but also respect it.
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And if you can, make it something special again.
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为什么要通过这个视频练习口语？
观看这段视频，您不仅能了解到有关肉类及其对环境影响的深刻见解，也将为您的英语口语练习带来良机。视频中提到的各种肉类，诸如牛排、炸鸡以及培根，不仅是日常生活中的常见食物，也是许多人交谈的热门话题。通过反复跟读视频内容，您能有效提升您的英语发音和流利度。这种英语影子跟读的练习方法，能够增强您的语言自动化能力，让您在日常交流中更加自信。
语法与表达方式分析
在视频中，演讲者使用了一些关键的结构，这些结构对于提高您的英语口语水平非常重要：
- 被动语态 - “大约200万动物每天被杀”展示了被动语态在叙述条件与后果中的应用，这对提高您在雅思口语中的表达能力尤为重要。
- 条件句 - “如果我们以同样的方式对待植物，可能会养活35亿人”使用了条件句来表达假设，这种结构适合在讨论假设与结果时使用。
- 对比结构 - 使用诸如“相比于...，...的影响更大”这样的句型，可以帮助您在讨论复杂话题时进行有效对比。
通过分析这些句型，您可以在看YouTube学英语时，更好地掌握语言的妙用。
常见发音陷阱
在视频中，有一些单词和语音特征可能对学习者构成挑战：
- “meat” (肉类)和“meet” (见面)的发音容易混淆，确保您能区分这两个词，避免在口语中造成误解。
- “cattle” (牛)的发音可能会对一些学习者构成挑战，练习时注意拉长“catt”的部分。
- 情感语调 - 演讲者使用情绪化的语气来强调观点，您可以模仿他的情感变化，这在雅思口语练习中尤为重要。
练习这些难点，可以使您在英语口语表达中更加自然流畅，从而为您构建更好的沟通能力，令您的英语更上一层楼。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。