Практика Shadowing: Why Meat is the Best Worst Thing in the World 🍔 - Изучайте разговорный английский с YouTube
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Humans love meat.
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Humans love meat.
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Steak, fried chicken, bacon, pork belly and sausages are just the best things.
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Eating meat has become so trivial that many people don't consider something a proper meal if there's no animal involved.
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Which is pretty amazing, since only a few decades ago meat was a luxury product.
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Today you can get a cheeseburger for a dollar.
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Paradoxically, meat is pretty much the most inefficient way of feeding humans.
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If we look at it on a global scale, our meaty diet is literally eating up the planet.
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Why is that and what can we do about it without giving up steak?
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Humans keep a lot of animals for food.
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Currently about 23 billion chickens, 1.5 billion cattle and roughly 1 billion pigs and sheep.
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That's a lot of mouths to feed, so we've transformed earth into a giant feeding ground.
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83% of its farmland is used for livestock, for example as pasture and to farm fodder crops like corn and soy.
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That's 26% of earth's total land area.
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If we include the water we need for these plants, meat and dairy production accounts for 27% of global fresh water consumption.
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Unfortunately, meat production is like a black hole for resources.
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Since animals are living things, most of their food is used to keep them alive while they grow their tasty parts.
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Only a fraction of the nutrients from fodder crops end up in the meat we buy in the end in the end.
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Cows, for example, convert only about 4% of the proteins
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and 3% of the calories of the plants we feed to them into beef.
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More than 97% of the calories are lost to us.
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To create one kilogram of steak, a cow needs to eat up to 25 kilos of grain and uses up to 15,000 liters of water.
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Animal products are guzzling up tons of food, but they only make up 18% of the the calories humans eat.
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According to projections, we could nourish an additional 3.5 billion people if we just ate the stuff we feed to animals.
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To make our favorite food group even more unsustainable, about 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are created by the meat industry,
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as much as by all ships, planes, trucks and cars combined.
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And there's another aspect to meat.
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It comes from actual living beings.
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Pigs, cattle and chicken are not the ones writing the history books, but if they were, humans would appear as rampant genocidal maniacs that thrive on suffering.
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Globally we kill about 200 million animals every day.
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About 74 billion a year.
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This means that every one and a half years,
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we kill more animals than people have lived in the entire 200,000 year history of humanity.
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One could argue that we're doing them a favor, after all they wouldn't exist without us.
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We might eat them in the end, but we also provide food and shelter and the gift of existence to them.
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Unfortunately, we're not very nice gods.
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A lot of our meat comes from factory farms, huge industrial systems that house thousands of animals.
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Engineered to be as efficient as possible, they have little regard for things like quality of life.
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Most pigs are raised in gigantic windowless sheds and never get to see the sun.
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Sows are kept in pens too small to turn around, where they give birth to one litter of piglets after another until it's their turn to be turned into bacon.
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Dairy cows are forced to breed continually to ensure their milk supply, but are separated from their calves hours after birth.
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To fasten up beef cattle for slaughter, they're put in feedlots, confined pens where they can't roam, and put on weight more quickly.
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To make it possible to keep them so tightly together Without dying of diseases, the majority of antibiotics we use are for livestock,
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up to 80% in the US.
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Which helps in the short term, but also fuels antibiotic resistances.
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But the ones that may have got the worst deal are chickens.
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In factory farms, they're kept in such vast numbers and
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so close to each other that they can't form the social structures they have in nature.
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So they start attacking each other.
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To stop that, we cut their beaks and claws.
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Male chickens are deemed worthless since they can't lay eggs and are not suitable for meat production.
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So within minutes after birth, they're usually gassed and shredded in grinders.
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Several hundred million baby chickens are killed this way each year.
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Even if you had a personal score to settle with chickens, how we treat them is beyond broken.
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So, better buy organic meat, where animals are treated nicely, right?
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Organic farming regulations are designed to grant animals a minimum of comfort.
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The problem is that organic is an elastic term.
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According to EU regulations, an organic hen still might share one square meter of space with five others.
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That's a long way off from happy farmyard chickens.
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Farms that sincerely do their best do exist, of course.
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But meat is still a business.
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An organic label is a way to charge more money
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and countless scandals have revealed producers looking for ways to cheat the system.
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And while organic meat might be less cruel, it needs even more resources than conventional meat production.
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So buying organic is still preferable, but does not grant you moral absolution.
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The truth is, if suffering were a resource, we would create billions of tons of it per year.
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The way we treat animals will probably be one of the things future generations will look down on in disgust.
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While all these things are true, something else is true too.
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Milk is amazing.
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Burgers are the best food.
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Chicken wings taste great.
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Meat satisfies something buried deep in our lizard brain.
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We hardly ever see how our meat is made, we just eat it and love it.
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It creates joy, it brings us together for family meals and barbecue parties.
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Eating meat doesn't make you a bad person, not eating meat doesn't make you a good one.
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Life is complicated and so is the world we've created.
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So, how should we deal with the fact that meat is extremely unsustainable and a sort of horrible torture?
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For now, the easiest option is opting out more often.
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Taking a meat-free day per week already makes a difference.
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If you want to eat meat produced with less suffering, try to buy from trusted producers with a good track record, even if it costs more.
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To make an impact on the environment, go for chicken and pig rather than lamb and beef, as they convert their feed more efficiently into meat.
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And if you're going to have your steak, you should eat it too.
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An average American throws out nearly a pound of food per day, a lot of which is meat.
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In the future, science could get us clean meat.
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Various startups have successfully grown meat in labs and are working on doing so on a commercial scale.
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But solutions like this are still a few years away.
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For now, enjoy your steak, but also respect it.
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And if you can, make it something special again.
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Почему стоит практиковать речь с этим видео?
Видео "Почему мясо - это лучшее худшее, что есть в мире" предлагает увлекательный контекст для изучения английского. Обсуждая сложные темы, связанные с потреблением мяса, оно предоставляет возможность погрузиться в актуальные обсуждения и мнения. Практика речи с использованием таких видеоматериалов помогает закрепить лексический запас, улучшить понимание и акцент. Слушая и повторяя за спикером, вы не только развиваете навыки аудирования, но и улучшаете свою способность к ведению диалога на сложные темы.
Грамматика и выражения в контексте
- Passive voice (пассивный залог): "Animals are kept in factory farms." Данный пример показывает, как мы можем акцентировать внимание на действии, а не на том, кто его совершает.
- Conditional sentences (условные предложения): "If we just ate the stuff we feed to animals." Это конструкция полезна для обсуждения гипотетических ситуаций.
- Quantifiers (количественные слова): "About 200 million animals every day." Важно уметь выражать количество при разговоре о статистике и фактах.
- Complex sentences (сложные предложения): "To create one kilogram of steak, a cow needs to eat up to 25 kilos of grain." Эти конструкции помогают передать более сложные идеи и аргументы.
Распространенные ловушки произношения
При изучении видео важно обратить внимание на некоторые слова и акценты, которые могут вызвать трудности:
- Greenhouse gas: Убедитесь, что вы четко произносите все звуки, иначе смысл может быть утрачен.
- Factory farms: Заучите правильное ударение, так как произнесение этого термина может сыграть важную роль в разговоре.
- Sausages: Это слово часто неправильно произносят. Попробуйте повторить его несколько раз для улучшения произношения.
Применение техник, таких как shadow speech и shadowspeak, может значительно помочь в улучшении вашего произношения английского. Эффективный способ — это использовать специальные shadowing site, которые помогут вам медленно и четко повторять за спикером, что, в свою очередь, позволяет развить уверенность и плавность речи.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.
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