跟读练习: TypeScript in 100 Seconds - 通过视频学习英语口语

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TypeScript.
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Validate your JavaScript ahead of time with static type checking.
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JavaScript is a dynamic language where we can do all kinds of crazy things, like reference variables that don't exist or work with objects of an unknown shape.
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The code is interpreted by a browser, but if your code is broken, you won't catch it until runtime when the browser throws an error.
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TypeScript prevents errors like this from ever happening by extending JavaScript with types.
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The language is a strict superset of JavaScript, which means when you open up a TS file, you can write plain JavaScript with all of its extra features being completely optional.
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But notice in the code here how the IDE is providing feedback about using a variable that doesn't exist.
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Instead of fixing this issue weeks later in a stack trace after the company has lost millions of dollars, we can fix it right here, right now.
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The reason we get this instant feedback is because TypeScript behaves like a compiled language, where JavaScript is the compilation target.
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You can run the TypeScript compiler using the tsc command.
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It will take the ts file and and transpile it into vanilla JavaScript.
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And you can choose any flavor of JavaScript you want if you need to target ancient browsers.
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And that means you can use the latest
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and greatest syntax features of JavaScript without having to worry if they'll be supported in an older environment.
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Your TypeScript project will likely have a tsconfig file, which provides an infinite number of ways to customize the behavior of the compiler.
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But the primary goal of TypeScript is to enable static typing.
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One way it achieves that is by allowing you to annotate your code with types.
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We can strongly type a variable using a colon followed by its type, like a string, boolean, or number.
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That's known as an explicit type.
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If we then try to assign its value as the wrong type, we get an error.
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Alternatively, if we set an initial value, it will implicitly infer the type.
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However, there may be cases where you want to opt out of this behavior, in which case you can annotate with the any type.
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That allows you to loosely type or opt out of type checking.
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When working with an array, use brackets to strongly type a list.
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In addition, you can define your own custom types and interfaces, which is especially powerful when working with objects.
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The car interface here defines various types of the properties on an object.
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We can then apply the interface to a plain JavaScript object.
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The beauty of having strongly typed code is that we get autocomplete everywhere in our IDE.
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We don't have to jump back and forth to documentation
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or dig through stack traces to figure out why our code's not working.
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If you like TypeScript as much as I do, consider becoming a pro member at Fireship.io.
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For the next few days, everything will be 40% off, including lifetime memberships.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“TypeScript in 100 Seconds”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：type, Javascript, Typescript, code, object。 这段视频共有 33 个句子、515 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:24。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 215 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 只有 77% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词发音释义
annotate 动词/ˈæn.ə.teɪt/注釋 /注释, 註解 /注解
compiler 名词/kəmˈpaɪlɚ/编者
stack 名词/stæk/堆
autocomplete 名词自動完成 /自动完成
compile 动词/kəmˈpaɪl/編撰, 彙編 /汇编
customize 动词/ˈkʌs.tə.maɪ̯z/定制, 定做
syntax 名词/ˈsɪn.tæks/句法
colon 名词/ˈkoʊ.lən/冒號 /冒号
assign 动词/əˈsaɪn/分配, 分派
vanilla 名词/vəˈnɪl.ə/香子蘭 /香子兰, 香草
bracket 名词/ˈbɹækɪt/支架, 托架
compilation 名词/ˌkɑm.pɪˈleɪ.ʃən/彙編 /汇编, 匯編 /汇编
explicit 形容词/ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt/精确
behave 动词/bɪˈheɪv/為人 /为人
flavor 名词/ˈfleɪvə/味道, 味兒 /味儿

视频中出现的短语动词

单词释义
figure out 动词弄清楚

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构视频中的用法
条件句 if + 从句，will/would + 动词 — 条件及其结果if your code is broken, you won't catch
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的is interpreted · be supported
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物JavaScript, which means · interfaces, which is

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, doesn't, they'll。请按听到的简短形式来说。

  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: compilation /ˌkɑm.pɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
  • 长单词——注意重音位置: alternatively /ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/, compilation /ˌkɑm.pɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

  • /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: validate /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/, alternatively /ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/, vanilla /vəˈnɪl.ə/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, flavor /ˈfleɪvə/
  • 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: annotate /ˈæn.ə.teɪt/, static /ˈstæt.ɪk/, stack /stæk/, customize /ˈkʌs.tə.maɪ̯z/, validate /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/
  • /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: annotate /ˈæn.ə.teɪt/, static /ˈstæt.ɪk/, stack /stæk/, validate /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/, syntax /ˈsɪn.tæks/

如何用这段视频练习

  1. 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
  2. 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
  3. 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 annotate, compiler, stack 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →