Pratique du Shadowing: TypeScript in 100 Seconds - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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TypeScript.
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Validate your JavaScript ahead of time with static type checking.
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JavaScript is a dynamic language where we can do all kinds of crazy things, like reference variables that don't exist or work with objects of an unknown shape.
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The code is interpreted by a browser, but if your code is broken, you won't catch it until runtime when the browser throws an error.
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TypeScript prevents errors like this from ever happening by extending JavaScript with types.
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The language is a strict superset of JavaScript, which means when you open up a TS file, you can write plain JavaScript with all of its extra features being completely optional.
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But notice in the code here how the IDE is providing feedback about using a variable that doesn't exist.
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Instead of fixing this issue weeks later in a stack trace after the company has lost millions of dollars, we can fix it right here, right now.
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The reason we get this instant feedback is because TypeScript behaves like a compiled language, where JavaScript is the compilation target.
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You can run the TypeScript compiler using the tsc command.
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It will take the ts file and and transpile it into vanilla JavaScript.
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And you can choose any flavor of JavaScript you want if you need to target ancient browsers.
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And that means you can use the latest
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and greatest syntax features of JavaScript without having to worry if they'll be supported in an older environment.
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Your TypeScript project will likely have a tsconfig file, which provides an infinite number of ways to customize the behavior of the compiler.
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But the primary goal of TypeScript is to enable static typing.
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One way it achieves that is by allowing you to annotate your code with types.
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We can strongly type a variable using a colon followed by its type, like a string, boolean, or number.
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That's known as an explicit type.
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If we then try to assign its value as the wrong type, we get an error.
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Alternatively, if we set an initial value, it will implicitly infer the type.
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However, there may be cases where you want to opt out of this behavior, in which case you can annotate with the any type.
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That allows you to loosely type or opt out of type checking.
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When working with an array, use brackets to strongly type a list.
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In addition, you can define your own custom types and interfaces, which is especially powerful when working with objects.
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The car interface here defines various types of the properties on an object.
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We can then apply the interface to a plain JavaScript object.
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The beauty of having strongly typed code is that we get autocomplete everywhere in our IDE.
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We don't have to jump back and forth to documentation
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or dig through stack traces to figure out why our code's not working.
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If you like TypeScript as much as I do, consider becoming a pro member at Fireship.io.
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For the next few days, everything will be 40% off, including lifetime memberships.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « TypeScript in 100 Seconds ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : type, Javascript, Typescript, code, object. Cette vidéo contient 33 phrases et 515 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 2:24. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 215 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 77 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| annotate verbe | /ˈæn.ə.teɪt/ | annoter |
| compiler nom | /kəmˈpaɪlɚ/ | compilateur, compilatrice |
| static adjectif | /ˈstæt.ɪk/ | statique |
| stack nom | /stæk/ | pile |
| autocomplete nom | autocomplétion | |
| compile verbe | /kəmˈpaɪl/ | compiler |
| customize verbe | /ˈkʌs.tə.maɪ̯z/ | personnaliser |
| implicitly adverbe | implicitement | |
| superset nom | sur-ensemble | |
| validate verbe | /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/ | valider, justifier |
| syntax nom | /ˈsɪn.tæks/ | syntaxe |
| colon nom | /ˈkoʊ.lən/ | deux points |
| loosely adverbe | /ˈluːsli/ | sans serrer |
| assign verbe | /əˈsaɪn/ | désigner |
| interpret verbe | /ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/ | interpréter |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| open up verbe | ouvrir |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Phrases conditionnelles if + proposition, will/would + verbe — une condition et son résultat | if your code is broken, you won't catch |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is interpreted · be supported |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | JavaScript, which means · interfaces, which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 5 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, doesn't, they'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: compilation /ˌkɑm.pɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: alternatively /ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/, compilation /ˌkɑm.pɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: browser /ˈbɹaʊ.zəɹ/, interpret /ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/, bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme annotate, compiler, static.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.