Shadowing Practice: TypeScript in 100 Seconds - Learn English Speaking with Video

TypeScript.

Validate your JavaScript ahead of time with static type checking.

JavaScript is a dynamic language where we can do all kinds of crazy things, like reference variables that don't exist or work with objects of an unknown shape.

The code is interpreted by a browser, but if your code is broken, you won't catch it until runtime when the browser throws an error.

TypeScript prevents errors like this from ever happening by extending JavaScript with types.

The language is a strict superset of JavaScript, which means when you open up a TS file, you can write plain JavaScript with all of its extra features being completely optional.

But notice in the code here how the IDE is providing feedback about using a variable that doesn't exist.

Instead of fixing this issue weeks later in a stack trace after the company has lost millions of dollars, we can fix it right here, right now.

The reason we get this instant feedback is because TypeScript behaves like a compiled language, where JavaScript is the compilation target.

You can run the TypeScript compiler using the tsc command.

It will take the ts file and and transpile it into vanilla JavaScript.

And you can choose any flavor of JavaScript you want if you need to target ancient browsers.

And that means you can use the latest

and greatest syntax features of JavaScript without having to worry if they'll be supported in an older environment.

Your TypeScript project will likely have a tsconfig file, which provides an infinite number of ways to customize the behavior of the compiler.

But the primary goal of TypeScript is to enable static typing.

One way it achieves that is by allowing you to annotate your code with types.

We can strongly type a variable using a colon followed by its type, like a string, boolean, or number.

That's known as an explicit type.

If we then try to assign its value as the wrong type, we get an error.

Alternatively, if we set an initial value, it will implicitly infer the type.

However, there may be cases where you want to opt out of this behavior, in which case you can annotate with the any type.

That allows you to loosely type or opt out of type checking.

When working with an array, use brackets to strongly type a list.

In addition, you can define your own custom types and interfaces, which is especially powerful when working with objects.

The car interface here defines various types of the properties on an object.

We can then apply the interface to a plain JavaScript object.

The beauty of having strongly typed code is that we get autocomplete everywhere in our IDE.

We don't have to jump back and forth to documentation

or dig through stack traces to figure out why our code's not working.

If you like TypeScript as much as I do, consider becoming a pro member at Fireship.io.

For the next few days, everything will be 40% off, including lifetime memberships.

Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “TypeScript in 100 Seconds”. Las palabras que más se repiten: type, Javascript, Typescript, code, object. Este vídeo tiene 33 frases y 515 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 2:24. El hablante habla rápido, unas 215 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 77 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
annotate verbo	/ˈæn.ə.teɪt/	anotar, apostillar
compiler sustantivo	/kəmˈpaɪlɚ/	compilador
static adjetivo	/ˈstæt.ɪk/	estático
stack sustantivo	/stæk/	pila, montón
autocomplete sustantivo		autocompletado
compile verbo	/kəmˈpaɪl/	copilar, recopilar
customize verbo	/ˈkʌs.tə.maɪ̯z/	entallar, customizar
implicitly adverbio		implícitamente
superset sustantivo		superconjunto
validate verbo	/ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/	validar
syntax sustantivo	/ˈsɪn.tæks/	sintaxis
colon sustantivo	/ˈkoʊ.lən/	dos puntos
assign verbo	/əˈsaɪn/	asignar
interpret verbo	/ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/	explicar, exponer
alternatively adverbio	/ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/	si no, en lugar de

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

Palabra	Significado
figure out verbo	averiguar, captar

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

Estructura	En el vídeo
Oraciones condicionales if + oración, will/would + verbo — una condición y su resultado	if your code is broken, you won't catch
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace	is interpreted · be supported
Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa	JavaScript, which means · interfaces, which is

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 5 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, doesn't, they'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: compilation /ˌkɑm.pɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: alternatively /ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/, compilation /ˌkɑm.pɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: static /ˈstæt.ɪk/, stack /stæk/
/v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: validate /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/, alternatively /ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/, vanilla /vəˈnɪl.ə/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, flavor /ˈfleɪvə/
/z/ — sonora, no /s/: browser /ˈbɹaʊ.zəɹ/, customize /ˈkʌs.tə.maɪ̯z/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como annotate, compiler, static.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

Gramática en este vídeo

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?