Prática de Shadowing: TypeScript in 100 Seconds - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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TypeScript.
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Validate your JavaScript ahead of time with static type checking.
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JavaScript is a dynamic language where we can do all kinds of crazy things, like reference variables that don't exist or work with objects of an unknown shape.
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The code is interpreted by a browser, but if your code is broken, you won't catch it until runtime when the browser throws an error.
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TypeScript prevents errors like this from ever happening by extending JavaScript with types.
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The language is a strict superset of JavaScript, which means when you open up a TS file, you can write plain JavaScript with all of its extra features being completely optional.
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But notice in the code here how the IDE is providing feedback about using a variable that doesn't exist.
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Instead of fixing this issue weeks later in a stack trace after the company has lost millions of dollars, we can fix it right here, right now.
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The reason we get this instant feedback is because TypeScript behaves like a compiled language, where JavaScript is the compilation target.
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You can run the TypeScript compiler using the tsc command.
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It will take the ts file and and transpile it into vanilla JavaScript.
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And you can choose any flavor of JavaScript you want if you need to target ancient browsers.
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And that means you can use the latest
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and greatest syntax features of JavaScript without having to worry if they'll be supported in an older environment.
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Your TypeScript project will likely have a tsconfig file, which provides an infinite number of ways to customize the behavior of the compiler.
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But the primary goal of TypeScript is to enable static typing.
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One way it achieves that is by allowing you to annotate your code with types.
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We can strongly type a variable using a colon followed by its type, like a string, boolean, or number.
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That's known as an explicit type.
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If we then try to assign its value as the wrong type, we get an error.
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Alternatively, if we set an initial value, it will implicitly infer the type.
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However, there may be cases where you want to opt out of this behavior, in which case you can annotate with the any type.
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That allows you to loosely type or opt out of type checking.
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When working with an array, use brackets to strongly type a list.
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In addition, you can define your own custom types and interfaces, which is especially powerful when working with objects.
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The car interface here defines various types of the properties on an object.
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We can then apply the interface to a plain JavaScript object.
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The beauty of having strongly typed code is that we get autocomplete everywhere in our IDE.
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We don't have to jump back and forth to documentation
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or dig through stack traces to figure out why our code's not working.
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If you like TypeScript as much as I do, consider becoming a pro member at Fireship.io.
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For the next few days, everything will be 40% off, including lifetime memberships.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível C1 usa o vídeo “TypeScript in 100 Seconds”. As palavras que mais se repetem: type, Javascript, Typescript, code, object. Este vídeo tem 33 frases e 515 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:24. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 215 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 77% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| annotate verbo | /ˈæn.ə.teɪt/ | anotar |
| compiler substantivo | /kəmˈpaɪlɚ/ | compilador |
| static adjetivo | /ˈstæt.ɪk/ | estático |
| stack substantivo | /stæk/ | pilha |
| compile verbo | /kəmˈpaɪl/ | compilar |
| customize verbo | /ˈkʌs.tə.maɪ̯z/ | personalizar, customizar |
| implicitly advérbio | implicitamente | |
| superset substantivo | redefinição | |
| validate verbo | /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/ | validar |
| syntax substantivo | /ˈsɪn.tæks/ | sintaxe |
| colon substantivo | /ˈkoʊ.lən/ | dois-pontos |
| assign verbo | /əˈsaɪn/ | designar, atribuir |
| interpret verbo | /ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/ | interpretar |
| alternatively advérbio | /ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/ | alternativamente |
| vanilla substantivo | /vəˈnɪl.ə/ | baunilha |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| figure out verbo | descobrir, deduzir |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Frases condicionais if + oração, will/would + verbo — uma condição e seu resultado | if your code is broken, you won't catch |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is interpreted · be supported |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | JavaScript, which means · interfaces, which is |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 5 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, doesn't, they'll. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: compilation /ˌkɑm.pɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: alternatively /ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/, compilation /ˌkɑm.pɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: annotate /ˈæn.ə.teɪt/, static /ˈstæt.ɪk/, stack /stæk/, validate /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/, interpret /ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: compile /kəmˈpaɪl/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: static /ˈstæt.ɪk/, stack /stæk/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como annotate, compiler, static.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.