跟读练习: What Is 3D Printing and How Does It Work? | Mashable Explains - 通过视频学习英语口语
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3D printing technology is already changing the way we produce objects, from tools and toys, to clothing, and even body parts.
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3D printing is part of a process known as additive manufacturing, where an object is created by adding material layer by layer.
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Additive manufacturing allows designers to create complex parts for machines, airplanes, and cars at a fraction of the cost and time of standard means like forging,
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molding, and sculpting.
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Now, smaller, consumer -friendly 3D printers are bringing additive manufacturing to homes and businesses.
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The first step in 3D printing is to create a blueprint of the object you want to print.
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You can use modeling software like Blender to create your own designs,
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or you can visit websites like Thingiverse or Shapeways to find objects other users have 3D modeled.
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Once you have a finished design, it's time to send it to the printer.
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Some printers, like the MakerBot Replicator 2, have renewable bioplastics spooled in the back of the device, almost like a string.
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When the printer receives the data, it pulls the material through a tube, melts it, and deposits it to the plate where it instantly cools.
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As you can see, the 3D object is created through layering,
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where the printer will add one layer of the object at a time until you have a fully formed structure.
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The most common material used in 3D printing is plastic,
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but the use of some other materials allow for the creation of some pretty amazing products beyond simple tools and toys.
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3D printing food is becoming very popular, and additive manufacturing has allowed for the creation of some pretty intricate treats.
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In the medical world, doctors are testing biomaterials for regenerative medicine.
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By using a patient's cells, doctors could 3D print small body parts like ears and noses.
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Some surgeons have even tested 3D printed organs for transplants.
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Recently, giant 3D printers in China printed 10 houses in just one day
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and at a cost of less than $5 ,000 per house, proving just how cost and time efficient 3D printing can be.
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For more on 3D printing, check out Mashable's latest coverage.
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And don't forget to watch the other videos in our Mashable Explains series.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“What Is 3D Printing and How Does It Work?”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：printing, printer, object, additive, manufacturing。 这段视频共有 23 个句子、366 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:20。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 157 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 75% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| printer 名词 | /ˈpɹɪntɚ/ | 印刷者 |
| layer 名词 | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | 層 /层 |
| toy 名词 | /tɔɪ/ | 玩具 |
| clothing 名词 | /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ | 衣服, 衣裳 |
| ear 名词 | /ˈɪə̯/ | 耳朵, 耳 |
| designer 名词 | /dɪˈzaɪnɚ/ | 設計師 /设计师, 設計家 /设计家 |
| efficient 形容词 | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | 高效率 |
| string 名词 | /stɹɪŋ/ | 線 /线 |
| tube 名词 | /tuːb/ | 筒 |
| deposit 名词 | /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/ | 沉積 /沉积 |
| instantly 副词 | /ˈɪnstəntli/ | 立即 |
| organ 名词 | /ˈɔːɡən/ | 器官 |
| surgeon 名词 | /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ | 外科醫生 /外科医生 |
| fraction 名词 | /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/ | 部分 |
| melt 动词 | /mɛlt/ | 融化, 熔化 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| check out 动词 | 退房 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has allowed · have even tested |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is created |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, tube /tuːb/, deposit /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/, melt /mɛlt/, forge /fɔɹd͡ʒ/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: airplane /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/, renewable /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/, transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/, blueprint /ˈbluːˌpɹɪnt/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/, additive /ˈæd.ɪ.tɪv/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 printer, layer, toy 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。