跟读练习: What is Public Health?? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Hello and welcome to this video where we're going to talk about public health.
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Public health has made a significant impact on the health of populations, making people healthy and saving lives.
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For example, in the United States, between 1900 to 1999, people's life expectancy has increased by over 30 years.
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Did you know that 25 of these extra years gained are due to public health interventions?
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So in this video, we're going to take a look at what public health is, how it's different to clinical medicine, who's responsible for doing it, and how it's done.
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First of all, let's have a look at what health is.
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The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well -being,
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rather than a mere absence of disease or infirmity.
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This is a pretty bold and ambitious definition
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that prompts people to look beyond diseases and focus not only on the physical aspect of health, but also on the mental and social aspects as well.
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and public health well public health is the science
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and art of preventing disease prolonging life
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and promoting health through the organized efforts of society okay
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so how is it different to clinical medicine let's take a
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look at an example let's say someone has an accident
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and has a broken leg a clinician's main focus is the
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immediate health problem fixing the fractured leg clinicians focus on the individual the public health approach would be holistic
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and would focus on figuring out how and why this person had an accident so
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that actions can be taken to prevent it from happening again
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for example why did he have the accident was there a
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problem with his vision was it poor knowledge of driving skills
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or bad attitudes towards driving was he under the influence of alcohol
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or drugs when he was driving are there laws against this
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and resources to enforce it what are the community expectations
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or attitudes towards driving does he have a good social support network
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that will help in his recovery
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or prevent this from happening again was the road he was driving on safe was he driving a safe car
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that was well maintained if not why not could he not afford it
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if not why could he not afford it does he have a job
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that doesn't pay well why is that is it
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because he did not have access to good education was there good access to health services
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which would determine his treatment and recovery?
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As you can see from this example, health is determined by a complex interaction between many different factors or determinants of health.
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These include individual characteristics, lifestyle and behaviors, and also the physical, social and economic environments, the social determinants of health.
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In order to make a difference in health, there's action needed across all the different determinants.
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Public health focuses on these upstream factors to make changes that can benefit the health of the population as a whole.
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This seems like a very broad and complex task, doesn't it?
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So, who's responsible for public health?
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Ultimately, the responsibility of creating a healthy community rests with all sectors of society.
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Health departments do have a central role in public health.
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However, improving the health of a population requires the coordinated efforts of a broad range of stakeholders.
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This includes other areas of government, the private sector, non -governmental organizations, international organizations, and communities, to name a few.
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All united with a shared goal of improving the health of the public.
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Now let's have a look at how public health works.
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The World Federation of Public Health Associations has developed a useful framework to understand how public health is delivered.
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There are three core service areas of public health
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and a group of enablers that ensure that these services can occur effectively and efficiently.
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The three core areas of public health are protection, promotion and prevention.
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Protection is about protecting the health of the population.
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This includes the control of infectious diseases, managing environmental hazards, ensuring a healthy workplace, and managing health emergencies.
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Promotion is about improving the health of the population.
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It covers a broad range of activities that not only focuses on the individual, like promoting health behaviours over a life course, it also focuses on improving the social determinants of health.
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Prevention is about preventing health issues before they occur.
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It includes activities such as vaccination and screening.
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to enable these core areas to function there needs to be good governance advocacy to influence
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and obtain support and commitment for actions
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that support a health goal capacity having an adequate well -trained
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and supported public health workforce
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and having accurate timely information to support health actions such as relevant research surveillance monitoring and evaluation
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so that's a quick introduction to the fascinating field of public
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health we've had a look at what it is how it's different to clinical medicine who's responsible for doing it, and how it's done.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 61 个句子、830 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:20。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 156 个词，接近日常对话。 86% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| occur 动词 | /əˈkɜː/ | 發生 /发生 |
| aspect 名词 | /ˈæspɛkt/ | 方面 |
| promotion 名词 | /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/ | 提升, 升官 |
| prevention 名词 | /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/ | 預防 /预防 |
| commitment 名词 | /kəˈmɪtmənt/ | 承諾 /承诺 |
| skill 名词 | /skɪl/ | 技巧, 技能 |
| obtain 动词 | /əbˈteɪn/ | 獲得 /获得 |
| resource 名词 | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | 資源 /资源 |
| monitor 名词 | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | 顯示器 /显示器 |
| absence 名词 | /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/ | 缺席, 不在 |
| define 动词 | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | 界定 |
| framework 名词 | /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/ | 骨架, 框架 |
| interaction 名词 | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | 相互作用 |
| lifestyle 名词 | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | 生活方式, 生態 /生态 |
| bold 形容词 | /ˈbəʊld/ | 膽大 /胆大, 勇敢 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| figure out 动词 | 弄清楚 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has made · has increased · has developed |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | can be taken · is determined · is delivered |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 doesn't, we're, we've。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 occur, aspect, promotion 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。