シャドーイング練習: What is Public Health?? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Hello and welcome to this video where we're going to talk about public health.
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Public health has made a significant impact on the health of populations, making people healthy and saving lives.
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For example, in the United States, between 1900 to 1999, people's life expectancy has increased by over 30 years.
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Did you know that 25 of these extra years gained are due to public health interventions?
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So in this video, we're going to take a look at what public health is, how it's different to clinical medicine, who's responsible for doing it, and how it's done.
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First of all, let's have a look at what health is.
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The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well -being,
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rather than a mere absence of disease or infirmity.
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This is a pretty bold and ambitious definition
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that prompts people to look beyond diseases and focus not only on the physical aspect of health, but also on the mental and social aspects as well.
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and public health well public health is the science
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and art of preventing disease prolonging life
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and promoting health through the organized efforts of society okay
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so how is it different to clinical medicine let's take a
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look at an example let's say someone has an accident
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and has a broken leg a clinician's main focus is the
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immediate health problem fixing the fractured leg clinicians focus on the individual the public health approach would be holistic
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and would focus on figuring out how and why this person had an accident so
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that actions can be taken to prevent it from happening again
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for example why did he have the accident was there a
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problem with his vision was it poor knowledge of driving skills
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or bad attitudes towards driving was he under the influence of alcohol
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or drugs when he was driving are there laws against this
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and resources to enforce it what are the community expectations
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or attitudes towards driving does he have a good social support network
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that will help in his recovery
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or prevent this from happening again was the road he was driving on safe was he driving a safe car
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that was well maintained if not why not could he not afford it
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if not why could he not afford it does he have a job
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that doesn't pay well why is that is it
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because he did not have access to good education was there good access to health services
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which would determine his treatment and recovery?
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As you can see from this example, health is determined by a complex interaction between many different factors or determinants of health.
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These include individual characteristics, lifestyle and behaviors, and also the physical, social and economic environments, the social determinants of health.
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In order to make a difference in health, there's action needed across all the different determinants.
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Public health focuses on these upstream factors to make changes that can benefit the health of the population as a whole.
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This seems like a very broad and complex task, doesn't it?
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So, who's responsible for public health?
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Ultimately, the responsibility of creating a healthy community rests with all sectors of society.
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Health departments do have a central role in public health.
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However, improving the health of a population requires the coordinated efforts of a broad range of stakeholders.
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This includes other areas of government, the private sector, non -governmental organizations, international organizations, and communities, to name a few.
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All united with a shared goal of improving the health of the public.
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Now let's have a look at how public health works.
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The World Federation of Public Health Associations has developed a useful framework to understand how public health is delivered.
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There are three core service areas of public health
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and a group of enablers that ensure that these services can occur effectively and efficiently.
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The three core areas of public health are protection, promotion and prevention.
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Protection is about protecting the health of the population.
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This includes the control of infectious diseases, managing environmental hazards, ensuring a healthy workplace, and managing health emergencies.
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Promotion is about improving the health of the population.
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It covers a broad range of activities that not only focuses on the individual, like promoting health behaviours over a life course, it also focuses on improving the social determinants of health.
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Prevention is about preventing health issues before they occur.
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It includes activities such as vaccination and screening.
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to enable these core areas to function there needs to be good governance advocacy to influence
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and obtain support and commitment for actions
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that support a health goal capacity having an adequate well -trained
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and supported public health workforce
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and having accurate timely information to support health actions such as relevant research surveillance monitoring and evaluation
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so that's a quick introduction to the fascinating field of public
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health we've had a look at what it is how it's different to clinical medicine who's responsible for doing it, and how it's done.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が61文、単語が830語あります。 音声の長さは5:20です。 話す速さは1分あたり約156語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| occur 動詞 | /əˈkɜː/ | 起こる, 起る |
| aspect 名詞 | /ˈæspɛkt/ | 様相 |
| promotion 名詞 | /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/ | 昇進, 進級 |
| prevention 名詞 | /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/ | 予防 |
| skill 名詞 | /skɪl/ | 腕, 技 |
| obtain 動詞 | /əbˈteɪn/ | 手に入れる, 取得する |
| resource 名詞 | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | 資源, 資産 |
| monitor 名詞 | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | モニター |
| absence 名詞 | /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/ | 欠席, 不在 |
| framework 名詞 | /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/ | 骨組み |
| interaction 名詞 | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | 相互作用 |
| lifestyle 名詞 | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | ライフスタイル, 生活様式 |
| bold 形容詞 | /ˈbəʊld/ | 勇敢な, 大胆な |
| intervention 名詞 | /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/ | 介入 |
| evaluation 名詞 | /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/ | 評価 |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has made · has increased · has developed |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | can be taken · is determined · is delivered |
注意したい発音
話し手はdoesn't, we're, we'veなど、短縮形や弱形を5回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。occur, aspect, promotionなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。