शैडोइंग अभ्यास: What is Public Health?? - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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Hello and welcome to this video where we're going to talk about public health.
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Public health has made a significant impact on the health of populations, making people healthy and saving lives.
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For example, in the United States, between 1900 to 1999, people's life expectancy has increased by over 30 years.
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Did you know that 25 of these extra years gained are due to public health interventions?
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So in this video, we're going to take a look at what public health is, how it's different to clinical medicine, who's responsible for doing it, and how it's done.
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First of all, let's have a look at what health is.
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The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well -being,
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rather than a mere absence of disease or infirmity.
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This is a pretty bold and ambitious definition
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that prompts people to look beyond diseases and focus not only on the physical aspect of health, but also on the mental and social aspects as well.
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and public health well public health is the science
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and art of preventing disease prolonging life
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and promoting health through the organized efforts of society okay
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so how is it different to clinical medicine let's take a
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look at an example let's say someone has an accident
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and has a broken leg a clinician's main focus is the
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immediate health problem fixing the fractured leg clinicians focus on the individual the public health approach would be holistic
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and would focus on figuring out how and why this person had an accident so
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that actions can be taken to prevent it from happening again
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for example why did he have the accident was there a
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problem with his vision was it poor knowledge of driving skills
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or bad attitudes towards driving was he under the influence of alcohol
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or drugs when he was driving are there laws against this
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and resources to enforce it what are the community expectations
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or attitudes towards driving does he have a good social support network
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that will help in his recovery
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or prevent this from happening again was the road he was driving on safe was he driving a safe car
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that was well maintained if not why not could he not afford it
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if not why could he not afford it does he have a job
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that doesn't pay well why is that is it
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because he did not have access to good education was there good access to health services
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which would determine his treatment and recovery?
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As you can see from this example, health is determined by a complex interaction between many different factors or determinants of health.
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These include individual characteristics, lifestyle and behaviors, and also the physical, social and economic environments, the social determinants of health.
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In order to make a difference in health, there's action needed across all the different determinants.
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Public health focuses on these upstream factors to make changes that can benefit the health of the population as a whole.
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This seems like a very broad and complex task, doesn't it?
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So, who's responsible for public health?
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Ultimately, the responsibility of creating a healthy community rests with all sectors of society.
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Health departments do have a central role in public health.
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However, improving the health of a population requires the coordinated efforts of a broad range of stakeholders.
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This includes other areas of government, the private sector, non -governmental organizations, international organizations, and communities, to name a few.
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All united with a shared goal of improving the health of the public.
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Now let's have a look at how public health works.
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The World Federation of Public Health Associations has developed a useful framework to understand how public health is delivered.
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There are three core service areas of public health
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and a group of enablers that ensure that these services can occur effectively and efficiently.
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The three core areas of public health are protection, promotion and prevention.
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Protection is about protecting the health of the population.
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This includes the control of infectious diseases, managing environmental hazards, ensuring a healthy workplace, and managing health emergencies.
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Promotion is about improving the health of the population.
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It covers a broad range of activities that not only focuses on the individual, like promoting health behaviours over a life course, it also focuses on improving the social determinants of health.
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Prevention is about preventing health issues before they occur.
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It includes activities such as vaccination and screening.
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to enable these core areas to function there needs to be good governance advocacy to influence
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and obtain support and commitment for actions
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that support a health goal capacity having an adequate well -trained
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and supported public health workforce
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and having accurate timely information to support health actions such as relevant research surveillance monitoring and evaluation
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so that's a quick introduction to the fascinating field of public
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health we've had a look at what it is how it's different to clinical medicine who's responsible for doing it, and how it's done.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 61 वाक्य और 830 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 5:20 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 156 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 86% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| occur क्रिया | /əˈkɜː/ | बीतना |
| aspect संज्ञा | /ˈæspɛkt/ | पक्ष |
| promotion संज्ञा | /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/ | पदोन्नति, तरक़्क़ी |
| prevention संज्ञा | /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/ | निवारण, रोकना |
| commitment संज्ञा | /kəˈmɪtmənt/ | प्रतिबद्धता, आश्वासन |
| skill संज्ञा | /skɪl/ | कुशलता, कौशल |
| obtain क्रिया | /əbˈteɪn/ | प्राप्त करना, पाना |
| resource संज्ञा | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | संसाधन |
| monitor संज्ञा | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | पर्यवेक्षक |
| absence संज्ञा | /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/ | अनुपस्थिति |
| lifestyle संज्ञा | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | जीवनशैली, जीवनचर्या |
| bold विशेषण | /ˈbəʊld/ | साहसी, निडर |
| intervention संज्ञा | /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/ | हस्तक्षेप, मुदाख़लत |
| evaluation संज्ञा | /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/ | मूल्यांकन |
| surveillance संज्ञा | /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ | पर्यवेक्षण, निरीक्षण |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has made · has increased · has developed |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | can be taken · is determined · is delivered |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 5 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे doesn't, we're, we've। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर occur, aspect, promotion जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।