تدريب Shadowing: CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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Hello.
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Our focus today is a topic in sociology that has increasing importance for all of us, and that is online social communities.
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Think about it.
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As human beings, we spend our entire lives growing up and learning how to live within social communities,
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and our membership in these communities or networks affects our identities.
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It contributes to who we are as social beings.
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All aspects of our lives are somehow influenced by the people in our social networks,
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work, play, professional, family, and friend networks, right?
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And we in turn influence the other people in our networks.
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So given our intense need for social interaction,
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It shouldn't be a surprise that social networking and online communities exploded once the technology became widely available.
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Today, I'd like to focus primarily on the benefits or advantages of online communities, rather than on the drawbacks or disadvantages,
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and I'd like to organize these into five overlapping arenas.
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These arenas are personal relationships,
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professional relationships, commercial relationships, investment relationships, and play relationships.
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Okay?
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That's personal, professional, commercial, investment, and play.
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We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
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Let's first consider personal relationships.
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We all know that one positive aspect of social networking is
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that it allows us to make new friends and strengthen our current relationships with old friends and family members.
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Social networking does this by giving us a place to keep up to date with one another.
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We show pictures that let everyone know what we've been doing, we announce good and bad news,
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and we have a stage for expressing our opinions about everything from politics to fashion.
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Many of us have been regular users of Facebook, Twitter, Renren, or Mixi for years.
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These networks are ubiquitous.
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You can't escape them, really.
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And recent research indicates that most users report positive social benefits from being members of these networks.
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50% of teenage users say their relationships with their friends have improved as a result of social networking sites.
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About 65% of college students report that they make new friends easily through social networking sites.
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Research has also shown that over 50% of older users report feeling happier, feeling more connected with people,
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and even feeling an improved sense of well-being as a result of social interaction in online communities.
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Okay, these are all very robust figures in support of online social networks.
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A second area where online communities show consistent positive benefits concerns professional connections.
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If you're involved in business, large or small, you're probably exchanging information and contacts on networking sites.
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Sites like LinkedIn, Ning, or Zing.
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These sites have hundreds of millions of active users.
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In virtually every professional field, from education to law to running a restaurant, people are looking to strengthen and expand their networks.
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They're looking for new business opportunities, or they're looking for new jobs.
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They're trying to obtain more knowledge about their field.
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Often people access these networks just because they want to feel more connected with other professionals.
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In communities like Catalyst and Career Diva, users can exchange information about business to get professional support,
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but they can also share personal experiences and frustrations and receive emotional support and advice from their peers.
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Alright, that's the second area where we clearly see benefits of online communities.
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A third benefit of online communities of course is the power of social networks for commercial purposes.
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Many companies aim to develop an online marketplace where they can sell their goods and services, but a lot of companies also want to build a social community.
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They do this through the use of Social Media Marketing, or SMM.
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SMM is a type of internet marketing that uses social networking websites as a marketing tool.
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SMM aims to get users to share content with their social network.
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Shared content is a kind of business capital for a company.
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It increases brand exposure.
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It increases their customer base.
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It disseminates product information quickly.
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SMM also generates social interaction with the intended aim of creating a stronger relationship between a company and its customers.
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And social networks for commercial purposes works within smaller niches as well, not just for large companies.
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Okay, so we have social, professional, commercial, and now the fourth area concerns investment.
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Investment is vital for any business organization, finding the resources to operate and expand.
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And investment is not just monetary investment, but social investment also.
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Nonprofit organizations like the Red Cross, the World Wildlife Fund, or TED,
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all need social communities to raise awareness of their ideas and causes and also to raise funds for operations.
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One way they do this is through crowdfunding.
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Crowdfunding is the practice of presenting a product or a venture to an online community, and members of the community are encouraged to participate,
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to give money, and to share ideas, and share their passion with others in their network.
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Crowdfunding communities such as Kickstarter, Meetup, or Indiegogo are not just for entrepreneurs trying to make money off of an idea or product.
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Social causes such as NGOs and nonprofits are also active users of crowdfunding,
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and these types of organizations are supported by passionate online communities.
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Alright, so we've looked at four different types of relationships that can benefit from online communities.
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The fifth type of online community concerns, play.
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What we do in our leisure time.
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What we do for fun.
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One aspect of play communities is huge, and that is gaming.
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Playing games online with other players in a virtual gaming community.
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A recent poll in Game Studies, a journal of computer game research,
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suggests that approximately one out of every four internet users visits online gaming sites on a daily basis.
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These are visits to gaming communities such as Steam or GameSpot or Kotaku,
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where game players can interact with a number of games and an unlimited number of players from around the world.
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Members of these online gaming communities feel they are doing more than just playing games.
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They feel a sense of camaraderie, a sense of belonging, a feeling that they are part of a genuine community.
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Okay, so today we've looked at five benefits of online communities.
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I'll leave you with this final thought.
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People have been using the Internet for decades now, and online communities have been a major social force behind the growth of the Internet,
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which has enormous potential benefit for improving social relationships and building social communities.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى C1 مبني على الفيديو “CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: communities, online, network, relationship, users. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 82 جملة و1066 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 8:11. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 130 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 85% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
crowdfunding اسمتَمْوِيل الْجَمَاعِيّ
nonprofit صفةغَيْرُ رِبْحِيّ, غَيْرُ هَادِفٍ لِلرِّبْحِ
strengthen فعل/ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/قَوَّى, عَزَّزَ
camaraderie اسم/ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/صَدَاقَة
drawback اسم/ˈdɹɔˌbæk/عائِق
disadvantage اسم/ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/سَيِّئَة
sociology اسم/ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/عِلْم الْمُجْتَمَع
explode فعل/ɪkˈsploʊd/اِنْفَجَرَ
leisure اسم/ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/خُلُو مِن اَلْعَمَل
robust صفة/ɹəʊˈbʌst/قَوِيّ
frustration اسم/fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/إِحْبَاط
organize فعل/ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/نَظَّمَ
entrepreneur اسم/ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/رَائِد أَعْمال مُتَعَهِّد, مُقَاوِل m مُلْتَزِم
passionate صفة/ˈpæʃənɪt/شَغُوف, مُتَحَمِّس
intend فعل/ɪnˈtɛnd/تَعَمَّدَ, نَوَى

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

الكلمةالمعنى
grow up فعلكَبُرَ, ْنَشَأ

جمل تستحق التكرار

جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:

  • We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
  • Let's first consider personal relationships.
  • You can't escape them, really.
  • I'll leave you with this final thought.

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المضارع التام المستمر have/has been + -ing — حدث بدأ سابقًا وما زال مستمرًاwe've been doing · have been using
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنhave been · have improved · has also shown
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهare encouraged · are supported

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 14 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل they're, we've, I'd. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, frustration /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: camaraderie /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/, disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/, ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, sociology /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/, explode /ɪkˈsploʊd/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/, explode /ɪkˈsploʊd/, robust /ɹəʊˈbʌst/, frustration /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل crowdfunding, nonprofit, strengthen.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

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