Pratique du Shadowing: CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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82 phrases
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Hello.
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Our focus today is a topic in sociology that has increasing importance for all of us, and that is online social communities.
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Think about it.
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As human beings, we spend our entire lives growing up and learning how to live within social communities,
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and our membership in these communities or networks affects our identities.
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It contributes to who we are as social beings.
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All aspects of our lives are somehow influenced by the people in our social networks,
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work, play, professional, family, and friend networks, right?
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And we in turn influence the other people in our networks.
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So given our intense need for social interaction,
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It shouldn't be a surprise that social networking and online communities exploded once the technology became widely available.
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Today, I'd like to focus primarily on the benefits or advantages of online communities, rather than on the drawbacks or disadvantages,
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and I'd like to organize these into five overlapping arenas.
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These arenas are personal relationships,
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professional relationships, commercial relationships, investment relationships, and play relationships.
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Okay?
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That's personal, professional, commercial, investment, and play.
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We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
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Let's first consider personal relationships.
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We all know that one positive aspect of social networking is
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that it allows us to make new friends and strengthen our current relationships with old friends and family members.
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Social networking does this by giving us a place to keep up to date with one another.
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We show pictures that let everyone know what we've been doing, we announce good and bad news,
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and we have a stage for expressing our opinions about everything from politics to fashion.
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Many of us have been regular users of Facebook, Twitter, Renren, or Mixi for years.
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These networks are ubiquitous.
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You can't escape them, really.
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And recent research indicates that most users report positive social benefits from being members of these networks.
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50% of teenage users say their relationships with their friends have improved as a result of social networking sites.
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About 65% of college students report that they make new friends easily through social networking sites.
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Research has also shown that over 50% of older users report feeling happier, feeling more connected with people,
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and even feeling an improved sense of well-being as a result of social interaction in online communities.
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Okay, these are all very robust figures in support of online social networks.
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A second area where online communities show consistent positive benefits concerns professional connections.
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If you're involved in business, large or small, you're probably exchanging information and contacts on networking sites.
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Sites like LinkedIn, Ning, or Zing.
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These sites have hundreds of millions of active users.
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In virtually every professional field, from education to law to running a restaurant, people are looking to strengthen and expand their networks.
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They're looking for new business opportunities, or they're looking for new jobs.
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They're trying to obtain more knowledge about their field.
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Often people access these networks just because they want to feel more connected with other professionals.
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In communities like Catalyst and Career Diva, users can exchange information about business to get professional support,
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but they can also share personal experiences and frustrations and receive emotional support and advice from their peers.
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Alright, that's the second area where we clearly see benefits of online communities.
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A third benefit of online communities of course is the power of social networks for commercial purposes.
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Many companies aim to develop an online marketplace where they can sell their goods and services, but a lot of companies also want to build a social community.
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They do this through the use of Social Media Marketing, or SMM.
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SMM is a type of internet marketing that uses social networking websites as a marketing tool.
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SMM aims to get users to share content with their social network.
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Shared content is a kind of business capital for a company.
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It increases brand exposure.
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It increases their customer base.
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It disseminates product information quickly.
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SMM also generates social interaction with the intended aim of creating a stronger relationship between a company and its customers.
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And social networks for commercial purposes works within smaller niches as well, not just for large companies.
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Okay, so we have social, professional, commercial, and now the fourth area concerns investment.
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Investment is vital for any business organization, finding the resources to operate and expand.
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And investment is not just monetary investment, but social investment also.
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Nonprofit organizations like the Red Cross, the World Wildlife Fund, or TED,
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all need social communities to raise awareness of their ideas and causes and also to raise funds for operations.
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One way they do this is through crowdfunding.
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Crowdfunding is the practice of presenting a product or a venture to an online community, and members of the community are encouraged to participate,
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to give money, and to share ideas, and share their passion with others in their network.
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Crowdfunding communities such as Kickstarter, Meetup, or Indiegogo are not just for entrepreneurs trying to make money off of an idea or product.
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Social causes such as NGOs and nonprofits are also active users of crowdfunding,
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and these types of organizations are supported by passionate online communities.
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Alright, so we've looked at four different types of relationships that can benefit from online communities.
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The fifth type of online community concerns, play.
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What we do in our leisure time.
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What we do for fun.
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One aspect of play communities is huge, and that is gaming.
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Playing games online with other players in a virtual gaming community.
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A recent poll in Game Studies, a journal of computer game research,
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suggests that approximately one out of every four internet users visits online gaming sites on a daily basis.
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These are visits to gaming communities such as Steam or GameSpot or Kotaku,
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where game players can interact with a number of games and an unlimited number of players from around the world.
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Members of these online gaming communities feel they are doing more than just playing games.
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They feel a sense of camaraderie, a sense of belonging, a feeling that they are part of a genuine community.
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Okay, so today we've looked at five benefits of online communities.
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I'll leave you with this final thought.
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People have been using the Internet for decades now, and online communities have been a major social force behind the growth of the Internet,
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which has enormous potential benefit for improving social relationships and building social communities.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : communities, online, network, relationship, users. Cette vidéo contient 82 phrases et 1066 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:11. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 130 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| crowdfunding nom | financement participatif, finance participative | |
| nonprofit adjectif | sans but lucratif, à but non lucratif | |
| strengthen verbe | /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ | renforcer, affermir |
| camaraderie nom | /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/ | camaraderie |
| disseminate verbe | /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/ | disséminer |
| drawback nom | /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/ | inconvénient, désavantage |
| ubiquitous adjectif | /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ | ubiquiste, ubiquitaire |
| overlap verbe | /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/ | chevaucher |
| disadvantage nom | /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/ | désavantage |
| sociology nom | /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/ | sociologie |
| explode verbe | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | détoner, exploser |
| marketplace nom | marché, place du marché | |
| niche nom | /nɪt͡ʃ/ | niche |
| leisure nom | /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/ | loisir |
| robust adjectif | /ɹəʊˈbʌst/ | robuste, costaud |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| grow up verbe | grandir |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
- Let's first consider personal relationships.
- You can't escape them, really.
- I'll leave you with this final thought.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours | we've been doing · have been using |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have been · have improved · has also shown |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are encouraged · are supported |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 14 contractions et formes réduites, comme they're, we've, I'd. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, frustration /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: camaraderie /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/, disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/, ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, sociology /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, sociology /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/, niche /nɪt͡ʃ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, camaraderie /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/, drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, robust /ɹəʊˈbʌst/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme crowdfunding, nonprofit, strengthen.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.