Prática de Shadowing: CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Hello.
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Our focus today is a topic in sociology that has increasing importance for all of us, and that is online social communities.
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Think about it.
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As human beings, we spend our entire lives growing up and learning how to live within social communities,
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and our membership in these communities or networks affects our identities.
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It contributes to who we are as social beings.
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All aspects of our lives are somehow influenced by the people in our social networks,
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work, play, professional, family, and friend networks, right?
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And we in turn influence the other people in our networks.
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So given our intense need for social interaction,
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It shouldn't be a surprise that social networking and online communities exploded once the technology became widely available.
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Today, I'd like to focus primarily on the benefits or advantages of online communities, rather than on the drawbacks or disadvantages,
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and I'd like to organize these into five overlapping arenas.
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These arenas are personal relationships,
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professional relationships, commercial relationships, investment relationships, and play relationships.
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Okay?
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That's personal, professional, commercial, investment, and play.
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We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
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Let's first consider personal relationships.
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We all know that one positive aspect of social networking is
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that it allows us to make new friends and strengthen our current relationships with old friends and family members.
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Social networking does this by giving us a place to keep up to date with one another.
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We show pictures that let everyone know what we've been doing, we announce good and bad news,
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and we have a stage for expressing our opinions about everything from politics to fashion.
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Many of us have been regular users of Facebook, Twitter, Renren, or Mixi for years.
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These networks are ubiquitous.
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You can't escape them, really.
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And recent research indicates that most users report positive social benefits from being members of these networks.
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50% of teenage users say their relationships with their friends have improved as a result of social networking sites.
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About 65% of college students report that they make new friends easily through social networking sites.
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Research has also shown that over 50% of older users report feeling happier, feeling more connected with people,
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and even feeling an improved sense of well-being as a result of social interaction in online communities.
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Okay, these are all very robust figures in support of online social networks.
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A second area where online communities show consistent positive benefits concerns professional connections.
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If you're involved in business, large or small, you're probably exchanging information and contacts on networking sites.
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Sites like LinkedIn, Ning, or Zing.
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These sites have hundreds of millions of active users.
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In virtually every professional field, from education to law to running a restaurant, people are looking to strengthen and expand their networks.
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They're looking for new business opportunities, or they're looking for new jobs.
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They're trying to obtain more knowledge about their field.
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Often people access these networks just because they want to feel more connected with other professionals.
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In communities like Catalyst and Career Diva, users can exchange information about business to get professional support,
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but they can also share personal experiences and frustrations and receive emotional support and advice from their peers.
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Alright, that's the second area where we clearly see benefits of online communities.
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A third benefit of online communities of course is the power of social networks for commercial purposes.
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Many companies aim to develop an online marketplace where they can sell their goods and services, but a lot of companies also want to build a social community.
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They do this through the use of Social Media Marketing, or SMM.
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SMM is a type of internet marketing that uses social networking websites as a marketing tool.
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SMM aims to get users to share content with their social network.
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Shared content is a kind of business capital for a company.
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It increases brand exposure.
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It increases their customer base.
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It disseminates product information quickly.
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SMM also generates social interaction with the intended aim of creating a stronger relationship between a company and its customers.
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And social networks for commercial purposes works within smaller niches as well, not just for large companies.
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Okay, so we have social, professional, commercial, and now the fourth area concerns investment.
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Investment is vital for any business organization, finding the resources to operate and expand.
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And investment is not just monetary investment, but social investment also.
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Nonprofit organizations like the Red Cross, the World Wildlife Fund, or TED,
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all need social communities to raise awareness of their ideas and causes and also to raise funds for operations.
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One way they do this is through crowdfunding.
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Crowdfunding is the practice of presenting a product or a venture to an online community, and members of the community are encouraged to participate,
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to give money, and to share ideas, and share their passion with others in their network.
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Crowdfunding communities such as Kickstarter, Meetup, or Indiegogo are not just for entrepreneurs trying to make money off of an idea or product.
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Social causes such as NGOs and nonprofits are also active users of crowdfunding,
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and these types of organizations are supported by passionate online communities.
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Alright, so we've looked at four different types of relationships that can benefit from online communities.
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The fifth type of online community concerns, play.
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What we do in our leisure time.
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What we do for fun.
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One aspect of play communities is huge, and that is gaming.
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Playing games online with other players in a virtual gaming community.
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A recent poll in Game Studies, a journal of computer game research,
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suggests that approximately one out of every four internet users visits online gaming sites on a daily basis.
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These are visits to gaming communities such as Steam or GameSpot or Kotaku,
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where game players can interact with a number of games and an unlimited number of players from around the world.
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Members of these online gaming communities feel they are doing more than just playing games.
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They feel a sense of camaraderie, a sense of belonging, a feeling that they are part of a genuine community.
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Okay, so today we've looked at five benefits of online communities.
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I'll leave you with this final thought.
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People have been using the Internet for decades now, and online communities have been a major social force behind the growth of the Internet,
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which has enormous potential benefit for improving social relationships and building social communities.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível C1 usa o vídeo “CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES”. As palavras que mais se repetem: communities, online, network, relationship, users. Este vídeo tem 82 frases e 1066 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:11. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 130 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 85% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| crowdfunding substantivo | financiamento coletivo, vaquinha | |
| nonprofit adjetivo | sem fins lucrativos | |
| strengthen verbo | /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ | fortalecer, reforçar |
| camaraderie substantivo | /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/ | camaradagem, camaradaria |
| disseminate verbo | /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/ | disseminar |
| drawback substantivo | /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/ | desvantagem |
| ubiquitous adjetivo | /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ | ubíquo, omnipresente |
| overlap verbo | /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/ | sobrepor, cobrir |
| disadvantage substantivo | /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/ | desvantagem |
| sociology substantivo | /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/ | sociologia |
| explode verbo | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | explodir |
| marketplace substantivo | mercado | |
| niche substantivo | /nɪt͡ʃ/ | nicho |
| leisure substantivo | /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/ | lazer, ócio |
| robust adjetivo | /ɹəʊˈbʌst/ | robusto |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| grow up verbo | crescer |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
- Let's first consider personal relationships.
- You can't escape them, really.
- I'll leave you with this final thought.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — uma ação que começou antes e continua | we've been doing · have been using |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have been · have improved · has also shown |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are encouraged · are supported |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 14 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they're, we've, I'd. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, frustration /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: camaraderie /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/, disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/, ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, sociology /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/, drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/, overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/, explode /ɪkˈsploʊd/, robust /ɹəʊˈbʌst/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como crowdfunding, nonprofit, strengthen.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.