Shadowing Practice: CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hello.
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Our focus today is a topic in sociology that has increasing importance for all of us, and that is online social communities.
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Think about it.
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As human beings, we spend our entire lives growing up and learning how to live within social communities,
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and our membership in these communities or networks affects our identities.
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It contributes to who we are as social beings.
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All aspects of our lives are somehow influenced by the people in our social networks,
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work, play, professional, family, and friend networks, right?
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And we in turn influence the other people in our networks.
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So given our intense need for social interaction,
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It shouldn't be a surprise that social networking and online communities exploded once the technology became widely available.
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Today, I'd like to focus primarily on the benefits or advantages of online communities, rather than on the drawbacks or disadvantages,
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and I'd like to organize these into five overlapping arenas.
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These arenas are personal relationships,
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professional relationships, commercial relationships, investment relationships, and play relationships.
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Okay?
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That's personal, professional, commercial, investment, and play.
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We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
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Let's first consider personal relationships.
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We all know that one positive aspect of social networking is
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that it allows us to make new friends and strengthen our current relationships with old friends and family members.
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Social networking does this by giving us a place to keep up to date with one another.
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We show pictures that let everyone know what we've been doing, we announce good and bad news,
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and we have a stage for expressing our opinions about everything from politics to fashion.
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Many of us have been regular users of Facebook, Twitter, Renren, or Mixi for years.
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These networks are ubiquitous.
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You can't escape them, really.
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And recent research indicates that most users report positive social benefits from being members of these networks.
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50% of teenage users say their relationships with their friends have improved as a result of social networking sites.
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About 65% of college students report that they make new friends easily through social networking sites.
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Research has also shown that over 50% of older users report feeling happier, feeling more connected with people,
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and even feeling an improved sense of well-being as a result of social interaction in online communities.
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Okay, these are all very robust figures in support of online social networks.
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A second area where online communities show consistent positive benefits concerns professional connections.
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If you're involved in business, large or small, you're probably exchanging information and contacts on networking sites.
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Sites like LinkedIn, Ning, or Zing.
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These sites have hundreds of millions of active users.
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In virtually every professional field, from education to law to running a restaurant, people are looking to strengthen and expand their networks.
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They're looking for new business opportunities, or they're looking for new jobs.
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They're trying to obtain more knowledge about their field.
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Often people access these networks just because they want to feel more connected with other professionals.
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In communities like Catalyst and Career Diva, users can exchange information about business to get professional support,
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but they can also share personal experiences and frustrations and receive emotional support and advice from their peers.
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Alright, that's the second area where we clearly see benefits of online communities.
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A third benefit of online communities of course is the power of social networks for commercial purposes.
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Many companies aim to develop an online marketplace where they can sell their goods and services, but a lot of companies also want to build a social community.
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They do this through the use of Social Media Marketing, or SMM.
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SMM is a type of internet marketing that uses social networking websites as a marketing tool.
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SMM aims to get users to share content with their social network.
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Shared content is a kind of business capital for a company.
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It increases brand exposure.
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It increases their customer base.
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It disseminates product information quickly.
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SMM also generates social interaction with the intended aim of creating a stronger relationship between a company and its customers.
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And social networks for commercial purposes works within smaller niches as well, not just for large companies.
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Okay, so we have social, professional, commercial, and now the fourth area concerns investment.
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Investment is vital for any business organization, finding the resources to operate and expand.
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And investment is not just monetary investment, but social investment also.
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Nonprofit organizations like the Red Cross, the World Wildlife Fund, or TED,
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all need social communities to raise awareness of their ideas and causes and also to raise funds for operations.
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One way they do this is through crowdfunding.
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Crowdfunding is the practice of presenting a product or a venture to an online community, and members of the community are encouraged to participate,
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to give money, and to share ideas, and share their passion with others in their network.
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Crowdfunding communities such as Kickstarter, Meetup, or Indiegogo are not just for entrepreneurs trying to make money off of an idea or product.
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Social causes such as NGOs and nonprofits are also active users of crowdfunding,
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and these types of organizations are supported by passionate online communities.
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Alright, so we've looked at four different types of relationships that can benefit from online communities.
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The fifth type of online community concerns, play.
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What we do in our leisure time.
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What we do for fun.
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One aspect of play communities is huge, and that is gaming.
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Playing games online with other players in a virtual gaming community.
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A recent poll in Game Studies, a journal of computer game research,
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suggests that approximately one out of every four internet users visits online gaming sites on a daily basis.
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These are visits to gaming communities such as Steam or GameSpot or Kotaku,
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where game players can interact with a number of games and an unlimited number of players from around the world.
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Members of these online gaming communities feel they are doing more than just playing games.
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They feel a sense of camaraderie, a sense of belonging, a feeling that they are part of a genuine community.
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Okay, so today we've looked at five benefits of online communities.
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I'll leave you with this final thought.
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People have been using the Internet for decades now, and online communities have been a major social force behind the growth of the Internet,
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which has enormous potential benefit for improving social relationships and building social communities.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES”. Las palabras que más se repiten: communities, online, network, relationship, users. Este vídeo tiene 82 frases y 1066 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 8:11. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 130 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 85 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| crowdfunding sustantivo | financiación colectiva, micromecenazgo | |
| nonprofit adjetivo | sin ánimo de lucro, sin fin lucrativo | |
| strengthen verbo | /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ | fortalecer |
| camaraderie sustantivo | /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/ | camaradería |
| disseminate verbo | /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/ | diseminar |
| drawback sustantivo | /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/ | desventaja, pega |
| ubiquitous adjetivo | /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ | ubicuo |
| overlap verbo | /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/ | solapar, traslapar |
| disadvantage sustantivo | /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/ | desventaja |
| sociology sustantivo | /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/ | sociología |
| explode verbo | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | explosionar, explotar |
| marketplace sustantivo | mercado | |
| niche sustantivo | /nɪt͡ʃ/ | hornacina, nicho |
| leisure sustantivo | /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/ | ocio |
| robust adjetivo | /ɹəʊˈbʌst/ | robusto |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| grow up verbo | crecer |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
- Let's first consider personal relationships.
- You can't escape them, really.
- I'll leave you with this final thought.
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — una acción que empezó antes y continúa | we've been doing · have been using |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have been · have improved · has also shown |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | are encouraged · are supported |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 14 contracciones y formas reducidas, como they're, we've, I'd. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, frustration /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: camaraderie /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/, disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/, ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, sociology /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, sociology /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como crowdfunding, nonprofit, strengthen.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.