Shadowing Practice: CONTEMPORARY TOPICS 2 UNIT 11 BIOLOGY DNA TESTING - Learn English Speaking with Video
Elige un modo de práctica
Cada modo abre una sala de práctica a pantalla completa.
77 oraciones
Si las oraciones son demasiado cortas o largas, haz clic en Editar para ajustarlas.
1
Hello.
2
Today I'd like us to concentrate on DNA.
3
We'll focus on DNA testing and specifically on DNA testing of people.
4
Before I explain how it's done, I want to review a bit from the reading.
5
Now, you'll recall that cells comprise every part of our body.
6
Our DNA is in every cell.
7
DNA contains genetic information like eye color, hair color, height, and many other traits passed down from a mother and a father to their child.
8
So, each of us has our own DNA, our own combination of genetic information from our parents.
9
For example, a brother and a sister may end up with the same color of eyes and hair.
10
However, other genetic information received from the parents will be different, which is why they look different.
11
For example, maybe the brother is short, like the mother, and the sister is tall, like the father.
12
Keep in mind that DNA is in every cell in the body
13
and that all of these cells contain the same genetic information.
14
Now, let's look at how DNA testing is used to identify people.
15
Scientists create a DNA profile, also called a DNA fingerprint.
16
To do this, they need DNA from the person.
17
They take samples from different parts of the body, like hair, blood, skin, fingernails, and body fluids.
18
Next, they extract the DNA from the cells in these samples.
19
Then, they read the DNA with a computer.
20
They use the data to create the DNA fingerprint.
21
Statistically, it's very unlikely that any two people will have identical fingerprints.
22
Now, let's ask, how is DNA testing used?
23
Well, there are many ways.
24
For example, to identify an unknown accident victim, or to find out who the father of a child is.
25
Now, here's an interesting one.
26
In 1999, scientists used DNA testing to prove that the son of the French king,
27
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, in fact, died in prison.
28
He didn't escape as some people had believed.
29
DNA testing identified the son's body.
30
People have been arguing about this for more than two centuries.
31
Another use of DNA testing is by police to solve crimes.
32
For example, say there's a murder.
33
The police have a suspect they think did it.
34
in the crime lab, scientists use DNA samples from the suspect and DNA samples from the evidence at the crime scene.
35
Then, they design what's called probes.
36
When the probes are put in with the DNA samples from the suspect and the DNA samples from the evidence,
37
the probes show if the two sets of samples match.
38
DNA identification is very effective, but not 100% foolproof.
39
For example, suppose the only evidence at the crime scene is blood from the suspect.
40
If there's a match between a sample of the crime scene blood and the suspect's blood, this will help the police.
41
However, a single match from just blood, in this case, isn't very strong evidence.
42
In contrast, let's say the crime lab has four samples from the crime scene and four samples from the suspect.
43
Hair, blood, fingernails, and skin samples.
44
They design four probes, one for each sample, and they get four matches.
45
Bingo!
46
The police can now feel more confident that they have the right suspect.
47
Why?
48
Remember, I said DNA is in every cell in our body, and each cell contains all of our unique genetic information.
49
Now, let's turn to how DNA testing is used in the medical field.
50
Here, let's consider how genetics is being used to diagnose diseases.
51
With diseases, most DNA tests are given for one of two reasons.
52
either to find out if someone has a certain disease or to see if the person is at risk for developing it.
53
Researchers have found more than 6,000 genetic disorders.
54
A genetic disorder means something isn't normal in the person's genes, a mutation.
55
A change in one gene can cause a disease
56
and a DNA test can and show
57
if someone has a mutation in a gene that puts them at risk for the disease.
58
Notice, I'm not saying that a change in one gene will cause a disease, only that the risk is higher.
59
We're learning more and more every day about genetic diseases.
60
For example, it now appears that the disease Alzheimer's, which damages memory in older people, is linked to our genes.
61
So, we have to ask, what are the pros and cons of DNA testing in medicine.
62
On the positive side, testing might save lives.
63
If a doctor can diagnose a disease in its early stages, the patient can get treated earlier.
64
Or, if a couple wants to have a baby,
65
they can use DNA testing to find out beforehand if any risks for problems or diseases exist.
66
On the negative side, there's the issue of fairness.
67
What happens if DNA testing reveals that we have a genetic disorder that could cause a disease, and that information becomes known?
68
This brings us to some concerns about privacy.
69
A DNA profile contains a lot of personal information.
70
So I'd like you to think about the following questions.
71
One, who should own the DNA fingerprint once it's made?
72
Two, who should have access to it?
73
3. How should genetic information be used? And 4.
74
Would you want people, especially people you don't know, to have access to your DNA fingerprint?
75
These are some of the ethical questions we face about how to use the scientific knowledge we have.
76
So, please give these questions some thought as you review the lecture.
77
That's all for now.
Descargar app
Todo lo que necesitas para hablar con fluidez
Pronunciación con IAEvalúa cada oración
Práctica de IPADomina cada sonido
VocabularioConstruye tu banco de palabras
Juego de vocabularioAprende mientras juegas
Mismo canal
B215
CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 10 ECONOMICS THE EVOLUTION OF MONEY
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C16
CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C18
CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 7 TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 9 LINGUISTICS ANIMAL COMMUNICATION
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
CONTEMPORARY TOPICS 2 UNIT 6 HISTORY THE SILK ROAD
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C18
CONTEMPORARY TOPICS 2 UNIT 12 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RISK MANAGEMENT
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Recomendar Video
C17
31 oraciones
SUMMARIZE SPOKEN TEXT - DNA & RNA
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
35 oraciones
READING EXPLORER 2 Unit 3A Was King Tut Murdered
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B26
87 oraciones
CAM 10 (LISTENING)_TEST 1_ SECTION 1 (KÈM GIẢI THÍCH TIẾNG VIỆT)
IELTS PrepCambridge Exam PrepTravel English
C13
49 oraciones
How forensic scientists fight crime by analyzing handwriting
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
88 oraciones
Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 1 Lecture with Powerpoint
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B27
84 oraciones
Đừng đánh giá con cá bằng khả năng leo cây của nó
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B22
66 oraciones
Contemporary Topics 3 Unit 11 BIOLOGY The fountain of youth
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
276 oraciones
Write From Dictation 08/2026: Luyện Từ Dễ Đến Khó | Tủ WFD PTE
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B213
41 oraciones
RE2 Unit 11B
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
C16
137 oraciones
Bộ XƯƠNG trong rừng | Nhân chủng học pháp y | giáo sư Sue Black
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B110
99 oraciones
Bài 6 - Cà Chua Tím
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B21
93 oraciones
Science experiment for Year 12 students: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “CONTEMPORARY TOPICS 2 UNIT 11 BIOLOGY DNA TESTING”. Las palabras que más se repiten: Dna, sample, testing, genetic, disease. Este vídeo tiene 77 frases y 920 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:13. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 128 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 86 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| fingerprint sustantivo | /ˈfɪŋɡɚˌpɹɪnt/ | huella digital, huella dactilar |
| probe sustantivo | /pɹoʊb/ | tienta, sonda |
| diagnose verbo | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | diagnosticar |
| fingernail sustantivo | /ˈfɪŋɡɚˌneɪl/ | uña, uña de dedo |
| mutation sustantivo | /mjuˈteɪʃən/ | mutación |
| foolproof adjetivo | /ˈfuːl ˌpɹuːf/ | seguro, a prueba de tontos |
| comprise verbo | /kəmˈpɹaɪz/ | comprender, constar de |
| beforehand adverbio | /bɪˈfɔɹhænd/ | de antemano, anticipadamente |
| statistically adverbio | /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kə.li/ | estadísticamente |
| trait sustantivo | /tɹeɪt/ | rasgo, característica |
| bingo sustantivo | /ˈbɪŋ.ɡoʊ/ | bingo |
| fairness sustantivo | /ˈfɛɚ.nəs/ | imparcialidad, equidad |
| genetics sustantivo | /dʒəˈnɛt.ɪks/ | genética |
| researcher sustantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | investigador, investigadora |
| extract sustantivo | /ˈɛkstɹækt/ | extracto |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| find out verbo | averiguar, anoticiarse |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 10 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'd, isn't, didn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: statistically /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kə.li/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como fingerprint, probe, diagnose.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.