쉐도잉 연습: CONTEMPORARY TOPICS 2 UNIT 11 BIOLOGY DNA TESTING - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기
B2
⏸ 일시 정지
Hello.
77 문장
문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.
1
Hello.
2
Today I'd like us to concentrate on DNA.
3
We'll focus on DNA testing and specifically on DNA testing of people.
4
Before I explain how it's done, I want to review a bit from the reading.
5
Now, you'll recall that cells comprise every part of our body.
6
Our DNA is in every cell.
7
DNA contains genetic information like eye color, hair color, height, and many other traits passed down from a mother and a father to their child.
8
So, each of us has our own DNA, our own combination of genetic information from our parents.
9
For example, a brother and a sister may end up with the same color of eyes and hair.
10
However, other genetic information received from the parents will be different, which is why they look different.
11
For example, maybe the brother is short, like the mother, and the sister is tall, like the father.
12
Keep in mind that DNA is in every cell in the body
13
and that all of these cells contain the same genetic information.
14
Now, let's look at how DNA testing is used to identify people.
15
Scientists create a DNA profile, also called a DNA fingerprint.
16
To do this, they need DNA from the person.
17
They take samples from different parts of the body, like hair, blood, skin, fingernails, and body fluids.
18
Next, they extract the DNA from the cells in these samples.
19
Then, they read the DNA with a computer.
20
They use the data to create the DNA fingerprint.
21
Statistically, it's very unlikely that any two people will have identical fingerprints.
22
Now, let's ask, how is DNA testing used?
23
Well, there are many ways.
24
For example, to identify an unknown accident victim, or to find out who the father of a child is.
25
Now, here's an interesting one.
26
In 1999, scientists used DNA testing to prove that the son of the French king,
27
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, in fact, died in prison.
28
He didn't escape as some people had believed.
29
DNA testing identified the son's body.
30
People have been arguing about this for more than two centuries.
31
Another use of DNA testing is by police to solve crimes.
32
For example, say there's a murder.
33
The police have a suspect they think did it.
34
in the crime lab, scientists use DNA samples from the suspect and DNA samples from the evidence at the crime scene.
35
Then, they design what's called probes.
36
When the probes are put in with the DNA samples from the suspect and the DNA samples from the evidence,
37
the probes show if the two sets of samples match.
38
DNA identification is very effective, but not 100% foolproof.
39
For example, suppose the only evidence at the crime scene is blood from the suspect.
40
If there's a match between a sample of the crime scene blood and the suspect's blood, this will help the police.
41
However, a single match from just blood, in this case, isn't very strong evidence.
42
In contrast, let's say the crime lab has four samples from the crime scene and four samples from the suspect.
43
Hair, blood, fingernails, and skin samples.
44
They design four probes, one for each sample, and they get four matches.
45
Bingo!
46
The police can now feel more confident that they have the right suspect.
47
Why?
48
Remember, I said DNA is in every cell in our body, and each cell contains all of our unique genetic information.
49
Now, let's turn to how DNA testing is used in the medical field.
50
Here, let's consider how genetics is being used to diagnose diseases.
51
With diseases, most DNA tests are given for one of two reasons.
52
either to find out if someone has a certain disease or to see if the person is at risk for developing it.
53
Researchers have found more than 6,000 genetic disorders.
54
A genetic disorder means something isn't normal in the person's genes, a mutation.
55
A change in one gene can cause a disease
56
and a DNA test can and show
57
if someone has a mutation in a gene that puts them at risk for the disease.
58
Notice, I'm not saying that a change in one gene will cause a disease, only that the risk is higher.
59
We're learning more and more every day about genetic diseases.
60
For example, it now appears that the disease Alzheimer's, which damages memory in older people, is linked to our genes.
61
So, we have to ask, what are the pros and cons of DNA testing in medicine.
62
On the positive side, testing might save lives.
63
If a doctor can diagnose a disease in its early stages, the patient can get treated earlier.
64
Or, if a couple wants to have a baby,
65
they can use DNA testing to find out beforehand if any risks for problems or diseases exist.
66
On the negative side, there's the issue of fairness.
67
What happens if DNA testing reveals that we have a genetic disorder that could cause a disease, and that information becomes known?
68
This brings us to some concerns about privacy.
69
A DNA profile contains a lot of personal information.
70
So I'd like you to think about the following questions.
71
One, who should own the DNA fingerprint once it's made?
72
Two, who should have access to it?
73
3. How should genetic information be used? And 4.
74
Would you want people, especially people you don't know, to have access to your DNA fingerprint?
75
These are some of the ethical questions we face about how to use the scientific knowledge we have.
76
So, please give these questions some thought as you review the lecture.
77
That's all for now.
앱 다운로드
Everything you need to speak fluently
AI PronunciationScore every sentence
IPA PracticeMaster every sound
VocabularyBuild your word bank
Vocab GameLearn while playing
이 레슨에 대해
"CONTEMPORARY TOPICS 2 UNIT 11 BIOLOGY DNA TESTING"으로 쉐도잉 기법을 사용해 영어를 연습합니다.
매일 15~30분 꾸준히 연습하면 IELTS 스피킹에 대한 자신감이 길러집니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.