쉐도잉 연습: CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Hello.
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Our focus today is a topic in sociology that has increasing importance for all of us, and that is online social communities.
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Think about it.
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As human beings, we spend our entire lives growing up and learning how to live within social communities,
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and our membership in these communities or networks affects our identities.
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It contributes to who we are as social beings.
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All aspects of our lives are somehow influenced by the people in our social networks,
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work, play, professional, family, and friend networks, right?
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And we in turn influence the other people in our networks.
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So given our intense need for social interaction,
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It shouldn't be a surprise that social networking and online communities exploded once the technology became widely available.
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Today, I'd like to focus primarily on the benefits or advantages of online communities, rather than on the drawbacks or disadvantages,
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and I'd like to organize these into five overlapping arenas.
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These arenas are personal relationships,
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professional relationships, commercial relationships, investment relationships, and play relationships.
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Okay?
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That's personal, professional, commercial, investment, and play.
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We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
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Let's first consider personal relationships.
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We all know that one positive aspect of social networking is
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that it allows us to make new friends and strengthen our current relationships with old friends and family members.
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Social networking does this by giving us a place to keep up to date with one another.
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We show pictures that let everyone know what we've been doing, we announce good and bad news,
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and we have a stage for expressing our opinions about everything from politics to fashion.
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Many of us have been regular users of Facebook, Twitter, Renren, or Mixi for years.
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These networks are ubiquitous.
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You can't escape them, really.
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And recent research indicates that most users report positive social benefits from being members of these networks.
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50% of teenage users say their relationships with their friends have improved as a result of social networking sites.
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About 65% of college students report that they make new friends easily through social networking sites.
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Research has also shown that over 50% of older users report feeling happier, feeling more connected with people,
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and even feeling an improved sense of well-being as a result of social interaction in online communities.
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Okay, these are all very robust figures in support of online social networks.
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A second area where online communities show consistent positive benefits concerns professional connections.
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If you're involved in business, large or small, you're probably exchanging information and contacts on networking sites.
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Sites like LinkedIn, Ning, or Zing.
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These sites have hundreds of millions of active users.
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In virtually every professional field, from education to law to running a restaurant, people are looking to strengthen and expand their networks.
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They're looking for new business opportunities, or they're looking for new jobs.
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They're trying to obtain more knowledge about their field.
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Often people access these networks just because they want to feel more connected with other professionals.
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In communities like Catalyst and Career Diva, users can exchange information about business to get professional support,
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but they can also share personal experiences and frustrations and receive emotional support and advice from their peers.
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Alright, that's the second area where we clearly see benefits of online communities.
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A third benefit of online communities of course is the power of social networks for commercial purposes.
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Many companies aim to develop an online marketplace where they can sell their goods and services, but a lot of companies also want to build a social community.
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They do this through the use of Social Media Marketing, or SMM.
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SMM is a type of internet marketing that uses social networking websites as a marketing tool.
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SMM aims to get users to share content with their social network.
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Shared content is a kind of business capital for a company.
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It increases brand exposure.
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It increases their customer base.
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It disseminates product information quickly.
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SMM also generates social interaction with the intended aim of creating a stronger relationship between a company and its customers.
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And social networks for commercial purposes works within smaller niches as well, not just for large companies.
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Okay, so we have social, professional, commercial, and now the fourth area concerns investment.
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Investment is vital for any business organization, finding the resources to operate and expand.
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And investment is not just monetary investment, but social investment also.
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Nonprofit organizations like the Red Cross, the World Wildlife Fund, or TED,
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all need social communities to raise awareness of their ideas and causes and also to raise funds for operations.
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One way they do this is through crowdfunding.
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Crowdfunding is the practice of presenting a product or a venture to an online community, and members of the community are encouraged to participate,
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to give money, and to share ideas, and share their passion with others in their network.
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Crowdfunding communities such as Kickstarter, Meetup, or Indiegogo are not just for entrepreneurs trying to make money off of an idea or product.
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Social causes such as NGOs and nonprofits are also active users of crowdfunding,
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and these types of organizations are supported by passionate online communities.
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Alright, so we've looked at four different types of relationships that can benefit from online communities.
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The fifth type of online community concerns, play.
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What we do in our leisure time.
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What we do for fun.
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One aspect of play communities is huge, and that is gaming.
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Playing games online with other players in a virtual gaming community.
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A recent poll in Game Studies, a journal of computer game research,
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suggests that approximately one out of every four internet users visits online gaming sites on a daily basis.
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These are visits to gaming communities such as Steam or GameSpot or Kotaku,
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where game players can interact with a number of games and an unlimited number of players from around the world.
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Members of these online gaming communities feel they are doing more than just playing games.
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They feel a sense of camaraderie, a sense of belonging, a feeling that they are part of a genuine community.
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Okay, so today we've looked at five benefits of online communities.
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I'll leave you with this final thought.
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People have been using the Internet for decades now, and online communities have been a major social force behind the growth of the Internet,
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which has enormous potential benefit for improving social relationships and building social communities.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 C1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 3 SOCIOLOGY ONLINE COMMUNITIES”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: communities, online, network, relationship, users. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 82개와 단어 1066개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 8:11입니다. 화자는 분당 약 130단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 85%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 13개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| crowdfunding 명사 | 크라우드펀딩 | |
| nonprofit 형용사 | 비영리 | |
| camaraderie 명사 | /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/ | 우정 |
| disseminate 동사 | /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/ | 뿌리다, 퍼뜨리다 |
| drawback 명사 | /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/ | 결점 |
| disadvantage 명사 | /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/ | 불리 |
| sociology 명사 | /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/ | 사회학 |
| explode 동사 | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | 폭발적으로 증가하다, 폭발하다 |
| leisure 명사 | /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/ | 여가 |
| organize 동사 | /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/ | 조직하다 |
| entrepreneur 명사 | /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ | 기업가, 기업인 |
| passionate 형용사 | /ˈpæʃənɪt/ | 불타는 |
| intend 동사 | /ɪnˈtɛnd/ | 의도(意圖)하다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- We'll look at these briefly, one by one.
- Let's first consider personal relationships.
- You can't escape them, really.
- I'll leave you with this final thought.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작 | we've been doing · have been using |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have been · have improved · has also shown |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | are encouraged · are supported |
주의할 발음
화자는 they're, we've, I'd 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 14번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, frustration /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: camaraderie /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/, disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/, ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, sociology /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, crowdfunding, nonprofit, camaraderie 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.