تدريب Shadowing: The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
1
In December 2019, the Chinese authorities notified the world that a virus was spreading through their communities.
2
In the following months, it spread to other countries, with cases doubling within days.
3
This virus is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related coronavirus 2
4
that causes the disease called COVID-19 and that everyone simply calls coronavirus.
5
What actually happens when it infects a human and what should we all do?
6
A virus is really just a hull around genetic material and a few proteins, arguably not even a living thing.
7
It can only make more of itself by entering a living cell.
8
Corona may spread via surfaces, but it's still uncertain how long it can survive on them.
9
Its main way of spreading seems to be droplet infection, when people cough, or if you touch someone who's ill and then your face, say rubbing your eyes or nose.
10
The virus starts its journey here and then hitches a ride as a stowaway deeper into the body.
11
Its destinations are the intestines, the spleen or the lungs, where it can have the most dramatic effect.
12
Even just a few coronaviruses can cause quite a dramatic situation.
13
The lungs are lined with billions of epithelial cells.
14
These are the border cells of your body, lining your organs and mucosa, waiting to be infected.
15
Corona connects to a specific receptor on its victims' membranes to inject its genetic material.
16
The cell, ignorant of what's happening, executes the new instructions, which are pretty simple, copy and reassemble.
17
It fills up with more
18
and more copies of the original virus until it reaches a critical point and receives one final order, self-destruct.
19
The cell sort of melts away, releasing new Corona particles, ready to attack more cells.
20
The number of infected cells grows exponentially.
21
After about 10 days, millions of body cells are infected and billions of viruses swarm the lungs.
22
The virus has not caused too much damage yet, but corona is now going to release a real beast on you, your own immune system.
23
The immune system, while there to protect you, can actually be pretty dangerous to yourself and needs tight regulation.
24
And as immune cells pour into the lungs to fight the virus, corona infects some of them and creates confusion.
25
Cells have neither ears nor eyes, they communicate mostly via tiny information proteins called cytokines.
26
Nearly every important immune reaction is controlled by them.
27
Corona causes infected immune cells to overreact and yell bloody murder.
28
In a sense, it puts the immune system into a fighting frenzy and sends way more soldiers than it should, wasting its resources and causing damage.
29
Two kinds of cells in particular wreak havoc.
30
First, neutrophiles, which are great at killing stuff, including ourselves.
31
As they arrive in their thousands, they start pumping out enzymes that destroy as many friends as enemies.
32
The other important type of cells that go into a frenzy are killer T cells, which usually order infected cells to commit controlled suicide.
33
Confused as they are, they start ordering healthy cells to kill themselves too.
34
The more and more immune cells arrive, the more damage they do and the more healthy lung tissue they kill.
35
This might get so bad that it can cause permanent irreversible damage that leads to lifelong disabilities.
36
In most cases the immune system slowly regains control.
37
It kills the infected cells, intercepts the viruses trying to infect new ones and cleans up the battlefield.
38
Recovery begins.
39
The majority of people infected by corona will get through it with relatively mild symptoms.
40
But many cases become severe or even critical.
41
We don't know the percentage because not all cases have been identified, but it's safe to say that there is a lot more than with the flu.
42
In more severe cases, millions of epithelial cells have died and with them the lungs protective lining is gone.
43
That means that the alveoli, tiny air sacs via which breathing occurs, can be infected by bacteria that aren't usually a big problem.
44
Patients get pneumonia, respiration becomes hard or even fails, and patients need ventilators to survive.
45
The immune system has fought at full capacity for weeks and made millions of antiviral weapons.
46
And as thousands of bacteria rapidly multiply, it is overwhelmed.
47
They enter the blood and overrun the body.
48
If this happens, death is very likely.
49
The coronavirus is often compared to the flu, but actually it's much more dangerous.
50
While the exact death rate is hard to pin down during an ongoing pandemic, we know for sure that it's much more contagious and spreads faster than the flu.
51
There are two futures for a pandemic like corona, fast and slow.
52
Which future we will see depends on how we all react to it in the early days of the outbreak.
53
A fast pandemic will be horrible and cost many lives.
54
A slow pandemic will not be remembered by the history books.
55
The worst case scenario for a fast pandemic begins with a very rapid rate of infection
56
because there are no countermeasures in place to slow it down.
57
Why is this so bad?
58
In a fast pandemic, many people get sick at the same time.
59
If the numbers get too large, healthcare systems become unable to handle it.
60
There aren't enough resources like medical staff or equipment like ventilators left to help everybody.
61
People will die untreated.
62
And as more healthcare workers get sick themselves, the capacity of healthcare systems falls even further.
63
If this becomes the case, then horrible decisions will have to be made about who gets to live and who doesn't.
64
The number of deaths rises significantly in such a scenario.
65
To avoid this, the world, that means all of us, needs to do what it can to turn this into a slow pandemic.
66
A pandemic is slowed down by the right responses, especially in the early phase,
67
so that everyone who gets sick can get treatment and there's no crunch point with overwhelmed hospitals.
68
Since we don't have a vaccine for corona, we have to socially engineer our behavior to act like a social vaccine.
69
This simply means two things.
70
Not getting infected and not infecting others.
71
Although it sounds trivial, the very best thing you can do is to wash your hands.
72
Soap is actually a powerful tool.
73
The coronavirus is encased in what is basically a layer of fat.
74
Soap breaks that fat apart and leaves it unable to infect you.
75
It also makes your hands slippery and with the mechanical motions of washing, viruses are ripped away.
76
To do it properly, wash your hands as
77
if you've just cut up some jalapenos and want to put in your contacts next.
78
The next thing is social distancing, which is not a nice experience, but a nice thing to do.
79
This means no hugging, no handshakes.
80
If you can stay at home, stay at home to protect those who need to be out for society to function, from doctors to cashiers or police officers.
81
You depend on all of them.
82
They all depend on you to not get sick.
83
On a larger level, there are quarantines, which can mean different things from travel restrictions or actual orders to stay at home.
84
Quarantines are not great to experience and certainly not popular, but they buy us and especially the researchers working on medication and vaccination crucial time.
85
So if you are put under quarantine, you should understand why and respect it.
86
None of this is fun, but looking at the big picture, it is a really small price to pay.
87
The question of how pandemics end depends on how they start.
88
If they start fast with a steep slope, they end badly.
89
If they start slow with a not-so-steep slope, they end okay-ish.
90
And in this day and age, it really is in all of our hands.
91
Literally and figuratively.
92
A huge thanks to the experts who helped us on short notice with this video, especially Our World in Data,
93
the online publication for research and data on the world's largest problems and how to make progress solving them.
94
Check out their site.
95
It also includes a constantly updated page on the Corona pandemic.
📺 نفس القناة
C120
Your Skeleton Is Electric
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1113
Could Humans Evolve Flight?
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2133
Can Earth Run Out of Water?
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B232
Your Brain Peaked at Birth
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B232
Why Ebola Keeps Coming Back
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2555
What If You Never Slept?
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B28
Would You Upload Your Mind?
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B264
What the Flu Does to Your Body
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Is War Over? — A Paradox Explained
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
How ADHD Medication Works
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The Most Complex Language in the World
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
Let’s Steal a New Moon
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1758
How Stress Changes Your Brain
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
What Happens AFTER Nuclear War?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B252
Can We Stop the Extinction?
University StudentsWorking Adults
B26
YOU Own the Moon. And Mars. And Venus.
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1209
The True Cost of War
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ فيديو موصى به
B2238 جمل
Your Top Coronavirus Questions Answered - CNN Newsroom with Fredricka Whitfield
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
108 جمل
100 Day Apocalypse Simulation
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
138 جمل
The Internet is Worse Than Ever – Now What?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
48 جمل
The Ebola Virus Explained — How Your Body Fights For Survival
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B212
98 جمل
How To See Germs Spread Experiment (Coronavirus)
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B28
269 جمل
Every Common Cause of Death & How to Avoid It, Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
40 جمل
【Veterinary Sciences】Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GZ2022 Strain
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
43 جمل
What If You Were Swallowed ALIVE by a 60-Foot Sperm Whale?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B11
208 جمل
EnglishPod (B0007)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
C14
50 جمل
IELTS Listening Practice Test 2026 | Section 4 | Coral Reefs | Questions 31-40 | With Answers
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
46 جمل
Desi Lydic Foxsplains Anthony Fauci's Pandemic Diary | The Daily Show
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C17
77 جمل
The True Meaning Of Life (Animated Cinematic)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
السياق والخلفية
في ديسمبر 2019، أبلغت السلطات الصينية العالم عن انتشار فيروس جديد بين المجتمعات. في الأشهر التالية، انتشر هذا الفيروس إلى دول أخرى بسرعة مذهلة، مما أدى إلى حالات مضاعفة في غضون أيام. هذا الفيروس هو فيروس كورونا SARS-CoV-2، الذي يسبب مرض كوفيد-19 ونعرفه جميعاً باسم "كورونا". يتناول الفيديو كيفية تأثير الفيروس على البشر وكيفية التصرف في مواجهة هذه الأزمة الصحية.
أهم 5 عبارات للتواصل اليومي
- أحتاج إلى مساعدة - I need help
- هل أنت بخير؟ - Are you okay?
- ما هي الأعراض؟ - What are the symptoms?
- تأكد من غسل يديك - Make sure to wash your hands
- يجب علينا اتباع التعليمات الصحية - We must follow health guidelines
دليل خطوة بخطوة لتقنية التظليل
لتحسين النطق باللغة الإنجليزية وممارسة المحادثة الإنجليزية بشكل فعال، يمكنك اتباع طريقة التظليل في الإنجليزية. إليك كيفية القيام بذلك:
- شاهد الفيديو بتركيز واستمع جيداً إلى العبارات المستخدمة.
- قم بإيقاف الفيديو بعد كل عبارة وحاول تكرارها بنفس النغمة والإيقاع. هذا سيساعدك على تحسين نطقك.
- استخدم تقنية "shadowspeak" حيث تقوم بتكرار العبارات مباشرة بعد سماعها، مما يعزز قدراتك السمعية واللفظية.
- ركز على التفاعل بين الكلمات وكيفية ربطها ببعضها البعض، فهذا مفيد جداً لتحسين المحادثة.
- مارس هذه التقنية بشكل منتظم، حيث أن التكرار هو المفتاح لتعلم أي لغة جديدة.
باستخدام هذه الخطوات، يمكنك تعزيز مهاراتك في اللغة الإنجليزية بشكل كبير، والتغلب على التحديات اللغوية التي تواجهها.
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | are lined · be infected · are infected |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | instructions, which are · neutrophiles, which are · everyone who gets |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | has not caused · have been identified · has fought |
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.