Prática de Shadowing: The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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In December 2019, the Chinese authorities notified the world that a virus was spreading through their communities.
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In the following months, it spread to other countries, with cases doubling within days.
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This virus is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related coronavirus 2
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that causes the disease called COVID-19 and that everyone simply calls coronavirus.
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What actually happens when it infects a human and what should we all do?
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A virus is really just a hull around genetic material and a few proteins, arguably not even a living thing.
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It can only make more of itself by entering a living cell.
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Corona may spread via surfaces, but it's still uncertain how long it can survive on them.
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Its main way of spreading seems to be droplet infection, when people cough, or if you touch someone who's ill and then your face, say rubbing your eyes or nose.
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The virus starts its journey here and then hitches a ride as a stowaway deeper into the body.
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Its destinations are the intestines, the spleen or the lungs, where it can have the most dramatic effect.
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Even just a few coronaviruses can cause quite a dramatic situation.
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The lungs are lined with billions of epithelial cells.
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These are the border cells of your body, lining your organs and mucosa, waiting to be infected.
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Corona connects to a specific receptor on its victims' membranes to inject its genetic material.
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The cell, ignorant of what's happening, executes the new instructions, which are pretty simple, copy and reassemble.
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It fills up with more
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and more copies of the original virus until it reaches a critical point and receives one final order, self-destruct.
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The cell sort of melts away, releasing new Corona particles, ready to attack more cells.
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The number of infected cells grows exponentially.
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After about 10 days, millions of body cells are infected and billions of viruses swarm the lungs.
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The virus has not caused too much damage yet, but corona is now going to release a real beast on you, your own immune system.
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The immune system, while there to protect you, can actually be pretty dangerous to yourself and needs tight regulation.
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And as immune cells pour into the lungs to fight the virus, corona infects some of them and creates confusion.
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Cells have neither ears nor eyes, they communicate mostly via tiny information proteins called cytokines.
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Nearly every important immune reaction is controlled by them.
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Corona causes infected immune cells to overreact and yell bloody murder.
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In a sense, it puts the immune system into a fighting frenzy and sends way more soldiers than it should, wasting its resources and causing damage.
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Two kinds of cells in particular wreak havoc.
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First, neutrophiles, which are great at killing stuff, including ourselves.
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As they arrive in their thousands, they start pumping out enzymes that destroy as many friends as enemies.
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The other important type of cells that go into a frenzy are killer T cells, which usually order infected cells to commit controlled suicide.
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Confused as they are, they start ordering healthy cells to kill themselves too.
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The more and more immune cells arrive, the more damage they do and the more healthy lung tissue they kill.
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This might get so bad that it can cause permanent irreversible damage that leads to lifelong disabilities.
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In most cases the immune system slowly regains control.
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It kills the infected cells, intercepts the viruses trying to infect new ones and cleans up the battlefield.
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Recovery begins.
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The majority of people infected by corona will get through it with relatively mild symptoms.
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But many cases become severe or even critical.
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We don't know the percentage because not all cases have been identified, but it's safe to say that there is a lot more than with the flu.
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In more severe cases, millions of epithelial cells have died and with them the lungs protective lining is gone.
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That means that the alveoli, tiny air sacs via which breathing occurs, can be infected by bacteria that aren't usually a big problem.
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Patients get pneumonia, respiration becomes hard or even fails, and patients need ventilators to survive.
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The immune system has fought at full capacity for weeks and made millions of antiviral weapons.
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And as thousands of bacteria rapidly multiply, it is overwhelmed.
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They enter the blood and overrun the body.
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If this happens, death is very likely.
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The coronavirus is often compared to the flu, but actually it's much more dangerous.
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While the exact death rate is hard to pin down during an ongoing pandemic, we know for sure that it's much more contagious and spreads faster than the flu.
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There are two futures for a pandemic like corona, fast and slow.
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Which future we will see depends on how we all react to it in the early days of the outbreak.
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A fast pandemic will be horrible and cost many lives.
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A slow pandemic will not be remembered by the history books.
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The worst case scenario for a fast pandemic begins with a very rapid rate of infection
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because there are no countermeasures in place to slow it down.
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Why is this so bad?
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In a fast pandemic, many people get sick at the same time.
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If the numbers get too large, healthcare systems become unable to handle it.
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There aren't enough resources like medical staff or equipment like ventilators left to help everybody.
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People will die untreated.
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And as more healthcare workers get sick themselves, the capacity of healthcare systems falls even further.
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If this becomes the case, then horrible decisions will have to be made about who gets to live and who doesn't.
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The number of deaths rises significantly in such a scenario.
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To avoid this, the world, that means all of us, needs to do what it can to turn this into a slow pandemic.
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A pandemic is slowed down by the right responses, especially in the early phase,
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so that everyone who gets sick can get treatment and there's no crunch point with overwhelmed hospitals.
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Since we don't have a vaccine for corona, we have to socially engineer our behavior to act like a social vaccine.
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This simply means two things.
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Not getting infected and not infecting others.
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Although it sounds trivial, the very best thing you can do is to wash your hands.
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Soap is actually a powerful tool.
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The coronavirus is encased in what is basically a layer of fat.
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Soap breaks that fat apart and leaves it unable to infect you.
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It also makes your hands slippery and with the mechanical motions of washing, viruses are ripped away.
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To do it properly, wash your hands as
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if you've just cut up some jalapenos and want to put in your contacts next.
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The next thing is social distancing, which is not a nice experience, but a nice thing to do.
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This means no hugging, no handshakes.
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If you can stay at home, stay at home to protect those who need to be out for society to function, from doctors to cashiers or police officers.
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You depend on all of them.
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They all depend on you to not get sick.
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On a larger level, there are quarantines, which can mean different things from travel restrictions or actual orders to stay at home.
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Quarantines are not great to experience and certainly not popular, but they buy us and especially the researchers working on medication and vaccination crucial time.
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So if you are put under quarantine, you should understand why and respect it.
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None of this is fun, but looking at the big picture, it is a really small price to pay.
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The question of how pandemics end depends on how they start.
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If they start fast with a steep slope, they end badly.
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If they start slow with a not-so-steep slope, they end okay-ish.
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And in this day and age, it really is in all of our hands.
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Literally and figuratively.
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A huge thanks to the experts who helped us on short notice with this video, especially Our World in Data,
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the online publication for research and data on the world's largest problems and how to make progress solving them.
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Check out their site.
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It also includes a constantly updated page on the Corona pandemic.
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Contexto e Fundo
O vídeo "The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do" é uma excelente fonte para aprender inglês enquanto entende um tema atual. Ele combina explicações científicas claras com linguagem acessível, perfeita para quem quer praticar escuta e fala. Ao mergulhar no diálogo, você não só aprende sobre o coronavírus, mas também absorve expressões úteis para conversas diárias e a estrutura de frases complexas de forma natural.
Top 5 Frases para Comunicação Diária
- "It spread to other countries, with cases doubling within days." (Ele se espalhou para outros países, com casos dobrando em poucos dias.) – Útil para falar de tendências ou eventos rápidos.
- "What should we all do?" (O que todos nós devemos fazer?) – Uma pergunta essencial em discussões sobre soluções.
- "The main way of spreading seems to be droplet infection." (A principal forma de transmissão parece ser por gotículas.) – Ideal para explicar processos ou causas.
- "In most cases, the immune system slowly regains control." (Na maioria dos casos, o sistema imunológico recupera o controle devagar.) – Perfeita para falar de situações gerais e resultados.
- "Which future we will see depends on how we all react." (Qual futuro veremos depende de como todos reagimos.) – Uma frase poderosa para discutir consequências de ações.
Guia Passo a Passo para Shadowing
O shadowing em inglês é uma técnica eficaz para melhorar a pronúncia e a fluência, e este vídeo é perfeito para praticá-lo. Aqui está como fazer:
- Escute um trecho curto (5-10 segundos) e preste atenção à entonação e à velocidade. Repita o processo até entender cada palavra.
- Imite imediatamente após o áudio – use o "shadowspeak" para copiar a pronúncia e o ritmo. Não se preocupe em entender tudo de primeira; o objetivo é se acostumar com os sons.
- Grave sua voz e compare com o original. Note as diferenças e ajuste sua fala. Isso ajuda a identificar pontos a melhorar.
- Aumente a duração dos trechos conforme avança. Comece com frases curtas e passe para parágrafos. Isso fortalece sua memória auditiva e fluência.
- Use um shadowing site para auxiliar, se necessário, mas a prática manual com o vídeo já traz grandes resultados. Aprender inglês com vídeos como este torna o processo dinâmico e útil!
Lembre: a consistência é chave. Mesmo 10 minutos por dia de shadowing farão você progredir rapidamente. Divirta-se e veja seus resultados crescerem!
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are lined · be infected · are infected |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | instructions, which are · neutrophiles, which are · everyone who gets |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has not caused · have been identified · has fought |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.