تدريب Shadowing: Why read books, not screens? ⏲️ 6 Minute English - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube

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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello.
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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello.
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This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Phil.
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And I'm Georgie.
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For me, there's nothing like reading a book.
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I love turning the pages and the smell of the paper.
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But nowadays, the fact is that much of the time we read from electronic screens, not paper.
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Yes, like Georgie, I love books.
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I also find that too much screen time hurts my eyes.
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But the availability of digital information means that I end up reading from screens most days.
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So, apart from sore eyes, is this a problem?
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Is reading from screens harmless or could it be damaging us in some way, such as reducing our attention span – the length of time that someone can keep concentrated on what they are doing.
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That's what we'll be discussing in this programme.
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And of course, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary too.
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Great!
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But first, it's time for my question.
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Whether you prefer paper or screens, as humans we're now reading more words than ever before.
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So, how many words does the average person read a day?
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Is it a 50,000 words, b 100,000 words, or c 200,000 words?
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I'll guess it's 50,000 words a day.
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OK, Georgie, we'll find out the correct answer later in the programme.
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Of course, there's little doubt that any kind of reading is good for you.
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Here's Cressida Cowell, author of the How to Train Your Dragon children's books, speaking with BBC Ideas.
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Reading brings three magical powers – creativity, intelligence and empathy.
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Reading for the joy of it is one of the two key factors in a kid's later economic success.
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You're more likely to not be in prison, to vote, to own your own home.
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All of these advantages and benefits happen as a result of lip-seek.
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Cressida talks about the importance of reading for the joy of it.
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When you do an activity for the joy of it, you do it simply for the pleasure of doing it, rather than as a way to gain something else.
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Cressida lists the many benefits of reading for children, including economic success in later life.
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But many of these benefits depend on a state known as deep reading – analysing a text to understand its deeper meaning.
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And in test after test, researchers have shown that deep reading skills develop better when kids read from books.
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Professor Marianne Wolfe is a teacher and advocate for children's literacy around the world.
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Here she explains more about deep reading to BBC ideas.
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When we read at a surface level, we're just getting the information.
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When we read deeply, we use much more of our cerebral cortex.
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Deep reading means that we make analogies, we make inferences, which allows us to be truly critical, analytic, empathic human beings.
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The reality is, it's not what or how much we read, but how we read, that's really important.
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The very volume is having negative effects, because to absorb that much, There's a propensity towards skimming.
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Professor Wolff's research shows that reading from screens encourages reading at the surface level, quickly and superficially looking at what can be easily understood.
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Reading books, on the other hand, activates different areas of the brain, allowing a reader to develop positive traits like empathy and to understand the deeper level of a book, including analogies and inferences.
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An analogy is a comparison between things that have similar features.
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For example, you might talk about the human heart using the analogy of a pump.
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An inference is a guess, opinion or conclusion that you make based on the information you already have.
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For example, seeing smoke in the distance you would make an inference that there's fire.
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It's these types of deeper, more subtle understanding that we get from reading books.
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So why is it that reading from screens doesn't develop these skills in the same way?
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Well, the answer has to do with the volume, the sheer number of words, pings and notifications that screens bombard us with every day.
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Instead of deep reading, this encourages skimming, reading rapidly in order to get a general overview of something.
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I think it's time to reveal the answer to my question, Georgie.
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I asked you how many words does the average modern person read a day?
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And I guessed it was 50,000 words.
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Well, you were half right.
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In fact, the correct answer was double that.
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One hundred thousand words!
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Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt from this programme, starting with attention span – the length of time that someone can stay concentrated on one thing.
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If you do something for the joy of it, you do it simply for the pleasure you get, rather than as a way to get something else.
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The phrase on the surface level describes looking at something quickly and superficially, rather than trying to understand its full, deeper meaning.
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An analogy is a comparison between things that have similar features, for example a human heart and a pump.
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And an inference is a guess or conclusion that you make based on the information you already have, like inferring fire from seeing smoke.
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And finally, skimming is reading rapidly in order to get a general overview of the text being read.
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Once again, as six minutes are up, goodbye for now.
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Bye.
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