Shadowing Practice: Adverb and Adjective Choices in Conversation - Learn English Speaking with Video
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From VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.
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Imagine two American students are talking outside of their school.
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Let's listen to the imaginary conversation.
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Today is going slow.
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Yeah, I guess we should study for our grammar test.
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That sounds like a terrible idea.
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Yeah, but if we don't study, we won't do good on the test.
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Fine.
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Let's go study our notes quick.
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Then we can play video games.
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These bad students may hate grammar,
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but they just taught you some common grammatical structures in conversational American English.
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In today's report, we will study how conversational grammar differs from written and formal grammatical structures.
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We will show you how some Americans use adjectives and adverbs in casual conversation.
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Adjectives are words that give information about nouns.
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They generally appear before nouns, although they also appear after linking verbs.
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Here are two examples.
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You are a good student.
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Learning English is fun.
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In the two example sentences, the words good and fun are adjectives.
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They are telling you something about a noun.
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Adverbs are often used to modify adjectives or verbs.
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They give information about reason, manner, time, and so on.
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For example, the adverb loudly appears in this sentence.
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We sang loudly.
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The adverb loudly modifies the past tense verb sang.
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It tells about the way in which the subject, we, sang.
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Adverbs often have an ly ending, but there are many that do not.
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You can read more about adverbs in past everyday grammar stories.
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Let's think back to the conversation we heard at the beginning of the story.
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Today is going slow.
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Yeah, I guess we should study for our grammar test.
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That sounds like a terrible idea.
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Yeah, but if we don't study, we won't do good on the test.
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Fine.
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Let's go study our notes quick.
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Then we can play video games.
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Notice that the words are used differently from what might be taught in an English class.
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In casual conversation, Americans often use adjective forms in place of adverbs.
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They may use adjective forms to modify verbs.
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For example, the students use good,
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a word that is normally an adjective, as an adverb.
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One student says, we won't do good on the test.
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In writing and in formal conversation, Americans generally do not use the word good this way.
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Instead, they use the word well.
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In formal writing or speaking, you would be more likely to see or hear the sentence,
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we won't do well on the test.
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Americans also may use an adverb but choose not to say an ly ending.
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For example, the student says, today is going slow, instead of today is going slowly.
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You would be more likely to read slowly in academic writing,
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write Susan Conrad and Douglas Biber, two English grammar experts.
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These grammatical structures are not necessarily slang.
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They are not necessarily impolite, either.
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You might hear some of these structures in a restaurant, at a job fair, or even at work.
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For example, a boss might tell an employee, we need to do this quick,
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about a project that must be completed quickly.
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This is the same pattern that the students used in their conversation.
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Conrad and Beiber say that in formal speech and writing, adjective forms are almost never used to modify verbs.
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In addition, adverbs with ly endings are more common in writing,
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particularly in academic and news writing.
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The good news is this.
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We are not asking you to memorize any of the patterns we have talked about today.
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What we hope to do is show you that the grammatical patterns in conversation
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do not always match the patterns used in formal writing or speech.
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There is more flexibility in casual speech.
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Understanding this idea will help you understand Americans when they speak,
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and it will help you sound more natural when you speak to Americans.
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You might also be pleased to know that Americans will not judge you severely
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if you use an adjective in place of an adverb.
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In fact, they probably would do the same.
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I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm John Russell.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B1 se basa en el vídeo “Adverb and Adjective Choices in Conversation”. Las palabras que más se repiten: adverb, adjective, grammar, conversation, student. Este vídeo tiene 71 frases y 682 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 6:28. El hablante habla despacio, unas 105 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. El 84 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| adjective sustantivo | /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ | adjetivo |
| grammar sustantivo | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | gramática |
| verb sustantivo | /vɝb/ | verbo |
| grammatical adjetivo | /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/ | gramático |
| modify verbo | /ˈmɑ.dɪˌfaɪ/ | modificar |
| noun sustantivo | /naʊn/ | nombre, nombre sustantivo |
| loudly adverbio | /ˈlaʊdli/ | en voz alta, ruidosamente |
| casual adjetivo | /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/ | casual |
| conversational adjetivo | /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/ | conversacional |
| memorize verbo | /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ | memorizar |
| imaginary adjetivo | /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/ | imaginario |
| tense sustantivo | /tɛns/ | tiempo |
| flexibility sustantivo | /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/ | flexibilidad |
| differ verbo | /ˈdɪfɚ/ | diferir, diferecer |
| severely adverbio | severamente |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Oraciones condicionales if + oración, will/would + verbo — una condición y su resultado | if we don't study, we won't do |
| “Used to” used to + verbo — un hábito o estado pasado que ya no es cierto | used to modify |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | might be taught · must be completed |
| Posibilidad con “might / may” might/may + verbo — algo posible pero no seguro | may hate · might be · may use |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 8 contracciones y formas reducidas, como won't, don't, I'm. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: casual /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como adjective, grammar, verb.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.