Shadowing Practice: Adverb and Adjective Choices in Conversation - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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From VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.
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Imagine two American students are talking outside of their school.
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Let's listen to the imaginary conversation.
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Today is going slow.
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Yeah, I guess we should study for our grammar test.
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That sounds like a terrible idea.
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Yeah, but if we don't study, we won't do good on the test.
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Fine.
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Let's go study our notes quick.
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Then we can play video games.
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These bad students may hate grammar,
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but they just taught you some common grammatical structures in conversational American English.
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In today's report, we will study how conversational grammar differs from written and formal grammatical structures.
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We will show you how some Americans use adjectives and adverbs in casual conversation.
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Adjectives are words that give information about nouns.
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They generally appear before nouns, although they also appear after linking verbs.
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Here are two examples.
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You are a good student.
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Learning English is fun.
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In the two example sentences, the words good and fun are adjectives.
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They are telling you something about a noun.
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Adverbs are often used to modify adjectives or verbs.
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They give information about reason, manner, time, and so on.
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For example, the adverb loudly appears in this sentence.
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We sang loudly.
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The adverb loudly modifies the past tense verb sang.
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It tells about the way in which the subject, we, sang.
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Adverbs often have an ly ending, but there are many that do not.
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You can read more about adverbs in past everyday grammar stories.
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Let's think back to the conversation we heard at the beginning of the story.
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Today is going slow.
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Yeah, I guess we should study for our grammar test.
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That sounds like a terrible idea.
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Yeah, but if we don't study, we won't do good on the test.
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Fine.
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Let's go study our notes quick.
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Then we can play video games.
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Notice that the words are used differently from what might be taught in an English class.
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In casual conversation, Americans often use adjective forms in place of adverbs.
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They may use adjective forms to modify verbs.
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For example, the students use good,
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a word that is normally an adjective, as an adverb.
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One student says, we won't do good on the test.
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In writing and in formal conversation, Americans generally do not use the word good this way.
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Instead, they use the word well.
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In formal writing or speaking, you would be more likely to see or hear the sentence,
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we won't do well on the test.
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Americans also may use an adverb but choose not to say an ly ending.
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For example, the student says, today is going slow, instead of today is going slowly.
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You would be more likely to read slowly in academic writing,
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write Susan Conrad and Douglas Biber, two English grammar experts.
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These grammatical structures are not necessarily slang.
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They are not necessarily impolite, either.
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You might hear some of these structures in a restaurant, at a job fair, or even at work.
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For example, a boss might tell an employee, we need to do this quick,
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about a project that must be completed quickly.
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This is the same pattern that the students used in their conversation.
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Conrad and Beiber say that in formal speech and writing, adjective forms are almost never used to modify verbs.
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In addition, adverbs with ly endings are more common in writing,
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particularly in academic and news writing.
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The good news is this.
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We are not asking you to memorize any of the patterns we have talked about today.
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What we hope to do is show you that the grammatical patterns in conversation
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do not always match the patterns used in formal writing or speech.
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There is more flexibility in casual speech.
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Understanding this idea will help you understand Americans when they speak,
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and it will help you sound more natural when you speak to Americans.
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You might also be pleased to know that Americans will not judge you severely
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if you use an adjective in place of an adverb.
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In fact, they probably would do the same.
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I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm John Russell.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu B1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Adverb and Adjective Choices in Conversation” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: adverb, adjective, grammar, conversation, student. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 71 cümle ve 682 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 6:28 sürüyor. Konuşmacı yavaş konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 105 kelime; her sesi taklit etmek için zamanınız var. Kelimelerin %84’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 12 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| adjective isim | /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ | sıfat, önad |
| grammar isim | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | dil bilgisi, gramer |
| verb isim | /vɝb/ | fiil, eylem |
| grammatical sıfat | /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/ | dil bilgisi |
| modify fiil | /ˈmɑ.dɪˌfaɪ/ | modifiye etmek, değiştirmek |
| noun isim | /naʊn/ | ad, isim |
| loudly zarf | /ˈlaʊdli/ | sesli sesli, seslice |
| casual sıfat | /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/ | tesadüfen, şans eseri |
| memorize fiil | /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ | ezberlemek |
| imaginary sıfat | /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/ | sanal, hayalî |
| tense isim | /tɛns/ | zaman |
| flexibility isim | /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/ | esneklik, elastikiyet |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Koşul cümleleri if + cümle, will/would + fiil — bir koşul ve sonucu | if we don't study, we won't do |
| “Used to” used to + fiil — artık geçerli olmayan eski bir alışkanlık ya da durum | used to modify |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | might be taught · must be completed |
| “might / may” ile olasılık might/may + fiil — mümkün ama kesin olmayan bir şey | may hate · might be · may use |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı won't, don't, I'm gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 8 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: casual /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; adjective, grammar, verb gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.