シャドーイング練習: Adverb and Adjective Choices in Conversation - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
読み込み中...
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From VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.
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Imagine two American students are talking outside of their school.
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Let's listen to the imaginary conversation.
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Today is going slow.
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Yeah, I guess we should study for our grammar test.
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That sounds like a terrible idea.
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Yeah, but if we don't study, we won't do good on the test.
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Fine.
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Let's go study our notes quick.
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Then we can play video games.
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These bad students may hate grammar,
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but they just taught you some common grammatical structures in conversational American English.
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In today's report, we will study how conversational grammar differs from written and formal grammatical structures.
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We will show you how some Americans use adjectives and adverbs in casual conversation.
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Adjectives are words that give information about nouns.
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They generally appear before nouns, although they also appear after linking verbs.
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Here are two examples.
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You are a good student.
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Learning English is fun.
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In the two example sentences, the words good and fun are adjectives.
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They are telling you something about a noun.
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Adverbs are often used to modify adjectives or verbs.
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They give information about reason, manner, time, and so on.
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For example, the adverb loudly appears in this sentence.
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We sang loudly.
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The adverb loudly modifies the past tense verb sang.
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It tells about the way in which the subject, we, sang.
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Adverbs often have an ly ending, but there are many that do not.
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You can read more about adverbs in past everyday grammar stories.
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Let's think back to the conversation we heard at the beginning of the story.
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Today is going slow.
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Yeah, I guess we should study for our grammar test.
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That sounds like a terrible idea.
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Yeah, but if we don't study, we won't do good on the test.
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Fine.
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Let's go study our notes quick.
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Then we can play video games.
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Notice that the words are used differently from what might be taught in an English class.
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In casual conversation, Americans often use adjective forms in place of adverbs.
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They may use adjective forms to modify verbs.
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For example, the students use good,
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a word that is normally an adjective, as an adverb.
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One student says, we won't do good on the test.
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In writing and in formal conversation, Americans generally do not use the word good this way.
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Instead, they use the word well.
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In formal writing or speaking, you would be more likely to see or hear the sentence,
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we won't do well on the test.
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Americans also may use an adverb but choose not to say an ly ending.
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For example, the student says, today is going slow, instead of today is going slowly.
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You would be more likely to read slowly in academic writing,
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write Susan Conrad and Douglas Biber, two English grammar experts.
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These grammatical structures are not necessarily slang.
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They are not necessarily impolite, either.
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You might hear some of these structures in a restaurant, at a job fair, or even at work.
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For example, a boss might tell an employee, we need to do this quick,
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about a project that must be completed quickly.
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This is the same pattern that the students used in their conversation.
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Conrad and Beiber say that in formal speech and writing, adjective forms are almost never used to modify verbs.
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In addition, adverbs with ly endings are more common in writing,
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particularly in academic and news writing.
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The good news is this.
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We are not asking you to memorize any of the patterns we have talked about today.
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What we hope to do is show you that the grammatical patterns in conversation
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do not always match the patterns used in formal writing or speech.
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There is more flexibility in casual speech.
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Understanding this idea will help you understand Americans when they speak,
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and it will help you sound more natural when you speak to Americans.
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You might also be pleased to know that Americans will not judge you severely
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if you use an adjective in place of an adverb.
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In fact, they probably would do the same.
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I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm John Russell.
日常会話の中の文法: アメリカ人学生の会話
動画で英語学習をする際、日常会話の中の文法の使い方に気づくことが重要です。例えば、学校の外で話す2人のアメリカ人学生の会話を見てみましょう。「Today is going slow.」「we won't do good on the test.」などの表現は、教科書で習う文法とは少し違う使い方ですね。これがカジュアルな会話の特徴なのです。
会話の背景: リアルなシチュエーション
この会話は、文法テストを控えた学生たちが勉強するかどうかを話し合う場面です。緊張感のない日常的なやり取りなので、文法的に「正しい」とされる表現ではなく、自然な口語表現が使われています。こうしたシチュエーションでは、形容詞や副詞の使い方に柔軟性があることがわかります。
覚えておきたい便利なフレーズとコロケーション
- 「do good on the test」: テストで良い成績を取る（カジュアルな使い方。正式には「do well on the test」）
- 「going slow」: ゆっくり進んでいる（「slowly」の代わりに形容詞「slow」を使う）
- 「study for a test」: テストの勉強をする
- 「play video games」: ビデオゲームをする
- 「sounds like a terrible idea」: ひどい考えだと思う
あなたのシャドーイング・チャレンジ
さっそく実践してみましょう！動画の会話を使って、shadowspeak（シャドースピーク）の練習をしましょう。まず会話を1回聞き、発音やイントネーションに注意してください。次に、会話の後ろについていって同じように話してみてください。特に「do good」や「going slow」の部分は、カジュアルな響きを感じながら発音してください。この練習は英語の発音を良くするだけでなく、自然な会話のリズムを身につけるのにも役立ちます。何度か繰り返して、自分の口から自然に出てくるようになるまで練習しましょう。
動画で英語学習をする際は、こうした口語表現の違いに注目することで、よりリアルな英語を使えるようになります。shadowspeaksのような方法で継続的に練習すれば、会話力がどんどん上がりますよ！
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。