Shadowing Practice: Luyện nghe tiếng anh_part 3 The dingo debate - Learn English Speaking with Video
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the dingo debate.
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Graziers see them as pests, and poisoning is common.
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But some biologists think Australia's dingoes are the best weapon in a war against imported cats and foxes.
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A plane flies a slow pattern over Carleton Hill Station, a 3 ,600 square kilometer ranch in the Kimberley region in northwest Australia.
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As the plane circles, those aboard drop a thousand small pieces of meat one by one, onto the scrubland below.
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each piece laced with poison.
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This practice is known as baiting.
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Besides 50 ,000 head of cattle, Carlton Hill is home to the dingo.
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Australia's largest mammalian predator, and the bane of a grazier's—cattle farmer's life.
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Stuart McKechnie, manager of Carleton Hill, complains that graziers' livelihoods are threatened when dingoes prey on cattle.
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But one man wants the baiting to end and for dingoes to once again roam Australia's wide open spaces.
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According to Chris Johnson of James Cook University, Australia needs more dingoes to protect our biodiversity.
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About 4 ,000 years ago, Asian sailors introduced dingoes to Australia.
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Throughout the ensuing millennia, these descendants of the wolf spread across the continent,
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and as the Tasmanian tiger disappeared completely from Australia, dingoes became Australia's top predators.
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As agricultural development took place, the European settlers found that they could not safely keep their livestock where dingoes roamed.
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So began one of the most sustained efforts at pest control in Australia's history.
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Over the last 150 years, dingoes have been shot and poisoned, and fences have been used in an attempt to keep them away from livestock.
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But at the same time, as the European settlers tried to eliminate one native pest from Australia, they introduced more of their own.
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In 1860, the rabbit was unleashed on Australia by a wealthy landowner.
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And by 1980, rabbits had covered most of the mainland,
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Rabbits provide huge prey base for two other introduced species: the feral or wild cat and the red fox.
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The interaction between foxes, cats, and rabbits is a huge problem for native mammals.
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In good years, rabbit numbers increase dramatically, and fox and cat populations grow quickly in response to the abundance of this prey.
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When bad seasons follow, rabbit numbers are significantly reduced,
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and the dwindling but still large fox and cat populations are left with little to eat besides native mammals.
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Australian mammals generally reproduce much more slowly than rabbits,
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cats, and foxes, an adaption to prevent overpopulation in the arid environment, where food can be scarce and unreliable.
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And populations decline because they can't grow fast enough to replace animals killed by the predators.
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Johnson says dingoes are the solution to this problem because they keep cat and fox populations under control.
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Besides regularly eating the smaller predators, dingoes will kill them simply to lessen competition.
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Dingo packs live in large, stable territories, and generally have only one fertile, which limits their rate of increase.
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In the 4 ,000 years that dingoes have been Australia, they have contributed to few, if any, extinctions, Johnson says.
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Reaching out from a desolate spot where three states meet, for 2 ,500 kilometers in either direction,
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is the world's longest fence, two meters high and stretching from the coast in Queensland to the Great Australian Bight in South Australia.
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It is there to keep dingoes out.
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The fence separates the main types of livestock found in Australia.
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To the northwest of the fence, cattle predominate.
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To the southwest, sheep fill the landscape.
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In fact, Australia is a land dominated by these animals: 25 million cattle,
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100 million sheep, and just over 20 million people.
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While there is no argument that dingoes will prey on sheep if given the chance, they don't hunt cattle once the calves are much past two or three weeks old,
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according to Makichi.
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And a study in Queensland suggests that dingoes don't even prey heavily on the newborn calves,
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unless their staple prey disappears due to deteriorating conditions like drought.
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This study, co -authored by Lee Allen of the Robert Wicks Research Center in Queensland,
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suggests that the aggressive baiting programs used against dingoes may actually be counterproductive for graziers.
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When dingoes are removed from an area by baiting, the area is recolonized by younger, more solitary dingoes.
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These animals aren't capable of going after the large prey like kangaroos, so they turn to calves.
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In their study, some of the highest rates of calf predation occurred in areas that had been baited.
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Mark Clifford, general manager of a firm that manages over 200 ,000 head of cattle, is not convinced by Allen's assertion.
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Clifford says, "It's obvious if we drop or loosen control on dingoes,
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we are going to lose more calves." He doesn't believe that dingoes will go after kangaroos when calves are around.
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Nor is he persuaded of dingoes' supposed ecological benefits, saying he is not convinced that they manage to catch cats that often,
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believing they are more likely to catch small native animals instead.
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McKechnie agrees that dingoes kill the wallabies, small native animals, that compete with his cattle for food.
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but points out that in parts of Western Australia, there are no fixes, and not very many cats.
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He doesn't see how relaxing controls on dingoes in his area will improve the ecological balance.
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Johnson sees a need for a change in philosophy on the part of Graziers.
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There might be a number of different ways of thinking through dingo management in cattle country, he says.
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At the moment, though, that hasn't got through to graziers.
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they're still just on one prescription, and that is to bait as widely as possible.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 62 frases y 916 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 6:33. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 140 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 74 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| cow sustantivo | /kaʊ/ | vaca |
| rabbit sustantivo | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | conejo, conejil |
| prey sustantivo | /pɹeɪ/ | presa |
| bait sustantivo | /beɪt/ | carnada, cebo |
| calf sustantivo | /kɑːf/ | becerro, becerra |
| fence sustantivo | /fɛns/ | cerca, cerramiento |
| predator sustantivo | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ | predador, depredador |
| introduce verbo | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | presentar |
| sheep sustantivo | /ˈʃiːp/ | pusilánime, papanatas |
| poison sustantivo | /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ | veneno, ponzoña |
| livestock sustantivo | /ˈlaɪvstɑk/ | ganado |
| pest sustantivo | /pɛst/ | peste, pestilencia |
| convince verbo | /kənˈvɪns/ | convencer, llevar al huerto |
| northwest sustantivo | /nɔɹθˈwɛst/ | noroeste, nordoeste |
| disappear verbo | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | desaparecer, desparecer |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| point out verbo | señalar, apuntar |
| think through verbo | cavilar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is known · are threatened · have been shot |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have been shot · have been |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 8 contracciones y formas reducidas, como doesn't, don't, aren't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/, wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, southwest /saʊθˈwɛst/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: sheep /ˈʃiːp/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, solitary /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛɹi/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como cow, rabbit, prey.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.