Практика Shadowing: Luyện nghe tiếng anh_part 3 The dingo debate - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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the dingo debate.
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Graziers see them as pests, and poisoning is common.
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But some biologists think Australia's dingoes are the best weapon in a war against imported cats and foxes.
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A plane flies a slow pattern over Carleton Hill Station, a 3 ,600 square kilometer ranch in the Kimberley region in northwest Australia.
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As the plane circles, those aboard drop a thousand small pieces of meat one by one, onto the scrubland below.
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each piece laced with poison.
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This practice is known as baiting.
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Besides 50 ,000 head of cattle, Carlton Hill is home to the dingo.
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Australia's largest mammalian predator, and the bane of a grazier's—cattle farmer's life.
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Stuart McKechnie, manager of Carleton Hill, complains that graziers' livelihoods are threatened when dingoes prey on cattle.
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But one man wants the baiting to end and for dingoes to once again roam Australia's wide open spaces.
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According to Chris Johnson of James Cook University, Australia needs more dingoes to protect our biodiversity.
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About 4 ,000 years ago, Asian sailors introduced dingoes to Australia.
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Throughout the ensuing millennia, these descendants of the wolf spread across the continent,
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and as the Tasmanian tiger disappeared completely from Australia, dingoes became Australia's top predators.
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As agricultural development took place, the European settlers found that they could not safely keep their livestock where dingoes roamed.
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So began one of the most sustained efforts at pest control in Australia's history.
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Over the last 150 years, dingoes have been shot and poisoned, and fences have been used in an attempt to keep them away from livestock.
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But at the same time, as the European settlers tried to eliminate one native pest from Australia, they introduced more of their own.
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In 1860, the rabbit was unleashed on Australia by a wealthy landowner.
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And by 1980, rabbits had covered most of the mainland,
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Rabbits provide huge prey base for two other introduced species: the feral or wild cat and the red fox.
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The interaction between foxes, cats, and rabbits is a huge problem for native mammals.
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In good years, rabbit numbers increase dramatically, and fox and cat populations grow quickly in response to the abundance of this prey.
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When bad seasons follow, rabbit numbers are significantly reduced,
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and the dwindling but still large fox and cat populations are left with little to eat besides native mammals.
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Australian mammals generally reproduce much more slowly than rabbits,
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cats, and foxes, an adaption to prevent overpopulation in the arid environment, where food can be scarce and unreliable.
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And populations decline because they can't grow fast enough to replace animals killed by the predators.
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Johnson says dingoes are the solution to this problem because they keep cat and fox populations under control.
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Besides regularly eating the smaller predators, dingoes will kill them simply to lessen competition.
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Dingo packs live in large, stable territories, and generally have only one fertile, which limits their rate of increase.
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In the 4 ,000 years that dingoes have been Australia, they have contributed to few, if any, extinctions, Johnson says.
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Reaching out from a desolate spot where three states meet, for 2 ,500 kilometers in either direction,
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is the world's longest fence, two meters high and stretching from the coast in Queensland to the Great Australian Bight in South Australia.
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It is there to keep dingoes out.
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The fence separates the main types of livestock found in Australia.
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To the northwest of the fence, cattle predominate.
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To the southwest, sheep fill the landscape.
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In fact, Australia is a land dominated by these animals: 25 million cattle,
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100 million sheep, and just over 20 million people.
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While there is no argument that dingoes will prey on sheep if given the chance, they don't hunt cattle once the calves are much past two or three weeks old,
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according to Makichi.
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And a study in Queensland suggests that dingoes don't even prey heavily on the newborn calves,
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unless their staple prey disappears due to deteriorating conditions like drought.
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This study, co -authored by Lee Allen of the Robert Wicks Research Center in Queensland,
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suggests that the aggressive baiting programs used against dingoes may actually be counterproductive for graziers.
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When dingoes are removed from an area by baiting, the area is recolonized by younger, more solitary dingoes.
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These animals aren't capable of going after the large prey like kangaroos, so they turn to calves.
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In their study, some of the highest rates of calf predation occurred in areas that had been baited.
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Mark Clifford, general manager of a firm that manages over 200 ,000 head of cattle, is not convinced by Allen's assertion.
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Clifford says, "It's obvious if we drop or loosen control on dingoes,
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we are going to lose more calves." He doesn't believe that dingoes will go after kangaroos when calves are around.
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Nor is he persuaded of dingoes' supposed ecological benefits, saying he is not convinced that they manage to catch cats that often,
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believing they are more likely to catch small native animals instead.
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McKechnie agrees that dingoes kill the wallabies, small native animals, that compete with his cattle for food.
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but points out that in parts of Western Australia, there are no fixes, and not very many cats.
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He doesn't see how relaxing controls on dingoes in his area will improve the ecological balance.
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Johnson sees a need for a change in philosophy on the part of Graziers.
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There might be a number of different ways of thinking through dingo management in cattle country, he says.
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At the moment, though, that hasn't got through to graziers.
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they're still just on one prescription, and that is to bait as widely as possible.
Контекст и предыстория
В данном видео рассматривается спор о дингах в Австралии. С одной стороны, скотоводы считают этих животных вредителями, а с другой — биологи утверждают, что динги являются естественными контролерами популяции завезённых хищников, таких как дикие коты и лисы. Это напряжение вызывает дискуссии о том, как управлять популяцией динго, чтобы сохранить экосистему, не нанося ущерба скотоводству.
5 полезных фраз для повседневного общения
- "Динги являются крупнейшими млекопитающими-хищниками Австралии." — полезно для описания роли динго в экосистеме.
- "Мы должны найти баланс между защитой экосистемы и интересами скотоводов." — помогает обсудить сложные вопросы о природе.
- "Существуют разные точки зрения по поводу управления популяцией динго." — служит хорошей основой для начала дискуссии.
- "Программа отравления динго может быть контрпродуктивной." — полезно для обсуждения методов, использующихся в экологии.
- "У динго есть естественная способность регулировать популяцию других хищников." — помогает подчеркнуть экологическую роль динго.
Пошаговое руководство по шадоувингу
Если вы хотите улучшить свой разговорный английский через практику шадоувинга, следуйте этим шагам:
- Слушайте внимательно. Начните с просмотра видео и просто слушайте, стараясь понять общий смысл.
- Пауза и повтор. После каждого предложения ставьте видео на паузу и пытайтесь произнести его, подражая интонации и акценту говорящего.
- Записывайте себя. Запишите свой голос, когда вы повторяете фразы из видео. Это поможет вам заметить тонкие отличия в произношении.
- Сравните. Прослушайте оригинал и вашу запись, обращая внимание на акценты, мелодию речи и произношение.
- Повторяйте. Практикуйте эти фразы в повседневной жизни, чтобы они стали естественными для вас.
Используя такие методики, как shadow speak и shadowspeak, вы сможете уверенно развивать навыки разговорного английского. Не забывайте, что практика делает мастера, и ваша уверенность будет расти с каждым новым повторением!
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.