Shadowing Practice: Nanotechnology and Its Applications - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Part 4 You will hear part of a lecture on nanotechnology and its applications.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Today's lecture is the first of a series of lectures on nanotechnology.
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Nanotechnology, sometimes shortened to nanotech, refers to the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular level.
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It's the science, engineering and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometres.
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It is the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields.
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Just how small is that?
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A nanometre is one billionth of a metre.
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The idea of nanoscale research first started from a physicist called Richard Feynman in 1959,
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He envisaged a process in which scientists would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules.
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In fact, it wasn't until 1981, with the invention of a special kind of microscope, that modern nanotechnology truly began.
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Even though nanotechnology has created many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, there is always concern over these unnatural products.
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Many people are worried that they may pose a threat to the environment, health and safety, also known as EHS.
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In order to better understand and evaluate the potential harm, risk assessment has been introduced.
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There are also ongoing international collaborations on nanoEHS research and related policy issues.
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Despite the concern nanotechnology has benefited society in unexpected ways, In the food processing industry,
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nanotechnology is leveraged against iron deficiency, which triggers anemia.
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For example, by reducing the particle size in potatoes,
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this new technology improves the bioavailability of this nutritional ingredient without the tendency to cause colour and odour changes.
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In terms of packaging, nanomaterials are more economical and are used in all sorts of products, chocolate in particular.
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Nanotechnology can also enhance the flavour of food.
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On a domestic scale, we expect more smart furniture, which is made of shape memory alloys, to be manufactured.
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But nanotechnology has much wider application than this and could also help develop sustainable agriculture.
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It offers great potential to strengthen the effect of fertilizers, thereby minimizing the environmental impact and boosting the productivity of plants in the soil.
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In the area of medicine, bioengineers have developed simple and inexpensive nanoscale delivery vehicles,
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Conductors like carbon nanotubes have been invented with varying structures.
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Such nanotubes have become increasingly attractive to researchers because of their ability to efficiently deliver drugs into veins.
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This means that higher doses of drugs loaded on them can be transported from the administration sites to the effects -related sites, such as cancer focuses.
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thus decreasing toxic side effects while increasing the treatment effects.
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The research team has also developed a widely accepted material that can be used to coat different surfaces, including wood, plastic and glass.
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It is mainly comprised of silver.
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Such nanoparticles can eventually kill some microbes due to the antiseptic properties.
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The whole process is simple, easy to apply and, more importantly, harmless to the environment.
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Surprisingly, nanotechnology has major implications for our health as well.
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By changing the metabolic rate through a particular type of protein, obese patients are able to burn calories faster, even under a high calorie diet.
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Therefore, treatment programs are provided for patients to lose weight by disposing of excess fat in a relatively safer manner.
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The finding may help explain why overweight people struggle to lose weight.
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Their stored fat is actively fighting against their efforts to burn it off at the molecular level.
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Further research is mainly focused on the clinical and commercial developments of therapies for obesity,
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diabetes and other associated conditions such as heart disease.
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In terms of cosmetics, the applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be found in many products.
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There are two main uses for nanotechnology in cosmetics.
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caused by the sun.
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In addition, nanotechnology has played an important role in delivering active ingredients to the skin.
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The mechanism proves to improve the bioavailability of actives and enhance skin hydration.
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The wide variety of nanotechnology applications leave no doubt that this field will only continue to get more exciting,
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and I look forward to seeing these developments further branch out.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 50 frases y 715 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 6:09. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 116 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 78 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| lecture sustantivo | /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ | aleccionamiento, lectivo |
| molecular adjetivo | /məˈlɛk.jə.ləɹ/ | molecular |
| enhance verbo | /ɪnˈhæns/ | embonar, jerarquizar |
| ingredient sustantivo | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | ingrediente, excipiente |
| cosmetics sustantivo | /kɒzˈmɛt.ɪks/ | cosmético, cosméticos |
| calorie sustantivo | /ˈkæləɹi/ | caloría |
| vast adjetivo | /væst/ | vasto, enorme |
| assessment sustantivo | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | evaluación, expertización |
| carefully adverbio | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | cuidadosamente |
| package sustantivo | /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ | paquete, kete |
| refer verbo | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | referir, remitir |
| soil sustantivo | /sɔɪl/ | suelo, tierra |
| boost verbo | /buːst/ | aupar, upar |
| associate sustantivo | /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ | asociado |
| increasingly adverbio | cada vez más |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| look forward to verbo | no ver la hora de, quedar a la espera de |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, thereby /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/, billionth /ˈbɪl.i.ənθ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, manipulation /məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: molecular /məˈlɛk.jə.ləɹ/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como lecture, molecular, enhance.
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has created · has been introduced · has benefited |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | has been introduced · is leveraged · is made |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | nanoscale, which is · furniture, which is |
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.