Shadowing Practice: The Science of Early Childhood Development - Learn English Speaking with Video
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The healthy development of young children in the early years of
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life literally does provide a foundation for just about all of the challenging social problems that our society and other societies face.
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What we're learning, not just from behavioral and developmental research,
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but also now from exciting developments in neuroscience and molecular biology,
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is how much early experience from birth,
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in fact even before birth,
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how much this experience literally gets into our bodies and shapes our learning capacities,
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our behaviors, and our physical and mental health.
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The brain is basically built from the bottom up.
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First the brain builds basic circuits that are responsible for basic skills,
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and then more complex circuits are built on top of those basic circuits as we develop more complex skills.
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Biologically, the brain is prepared to be shaped by experience.
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It's expecting the experiences that a young child has to literally influence the formation of its circuitry.
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It's built into our biology.
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The interaction between genetics and experience that shapes brain architecture is embedded in the reciprocal relationships
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children have with adults in their lives.
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And by that we mean what we refer to as the serve and return nature of children's interaction with their own adults.
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Development and the impact of experience on development is not a one-way street.
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It's a back and forth interaction.
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The brain is a highly integrated organ which has multiple sections that specialize in different different kind of processes.
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So we have parts of the brain that are involved more in cognitive function
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and other parts that are involved in processing of emotion and parts involved in seeing and hearing.
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So if a child is emotionally kind of well put together and socially competent,
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that will affect more positive and productive learning.
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And if a child is preoccupied with fears or anxiety or is dealing with considerable stress,
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no matter how intellectually gifted that child might be,
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his or her learning is going to be impaired by that kind of emotional interference.
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So when we talk about healthy development in the early years,
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and particularly when we talk about preparing children to succeed in school,
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we cannot separate cognitive development from social and emotional development.
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You can't have one without the other.
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All development builds on what comes before.
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So when children experience stable,
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nurturing relationships, it fosters the development of healthy circuitry.
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When children experience uncertainty or instability or abusive or neglectful relationships,
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it literally disrupts the circuitry and the brain's architecture as it's being built.
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Over time, this has a wear and tear effect.
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And the more stress you have,
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the more causes of stress,
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and the longer your stress response,
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the more likely you are to have a whole range of problems later on.
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It can affect the immune system.
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It can affect the cardiovascular system.
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And this is why excessive prolonged stress early in life is associated with a higher prevalence later,
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not only of learning problems and behavior difficulties,
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but also physical and mental health problems.
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Because the brain is optimally flexible and plastic early in life,
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but as it develops its circuitry and refines its circuitry,
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it loses some of its flexibility,
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which is why intervening early is so important.
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Because as we often say,
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when it comes to brain circuitry,
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it's better to get it right the first time than to try to fix it later.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “The Science of Early Childhood Development”. Las palabras que más se repiten: brain, experience, circuitry, stress, learning. Este vídeo tiene 53 frases y 568 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:51. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 148 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 84 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| circuitry sustantivo | /ˈsɝkətɹi/ | circuitería |
| distress sustantivo | /dɪˈstɹɛs/ | distrés, distress |
| biologically adverbio | biológicamente | |
| excite verbo | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | emocionar |
| impair verbo | /ɪmˈpɛɹ/ | deteriorar, empeorar |
| intellectually adverbio | intelectualmente | |
| neuroscience sustantivo | neurocienca | |
| nurture sustantivo | /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/ | crianza, criación |
| preoccupied adjetivo | ensimismado, obsesionado | |
| prolong verbo | /pɹoʊˈlɑŋ/ | prolongar |
| reciprocal adjetivo | /ɹɪˈsɪpɹək(ə)l/ | mutuo, recíproco |
| refine verbo | /ɹɪˈfaɪn/ | refinar |
| specialize verbo | /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/ | especializar |
| disrupt verbo | /dɪsˈɹʌpt/ | trastornar, trastrocar |
| intervene verbo | /ˌɪntəˈviːn/ | intervenir, involucrarse |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| put together verbo | construir, elaborar |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: reciprocal /ɹɪˈsɪpɹək(ə)l/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, instability /ɪnstəˈbɪlɪti/, developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: intervene /ˌɪntəˈviːn/, prevalence /ˈpɹɛvələns/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como circuitry, distress, biologically.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.