Shadowing Practice: Why Do We Actually Need Sleep?? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Sleeping.
Durmiendo.
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Every day you go to your bed, lie down and do nothing.
Todos los días te acuestas, te tumbas y no haces nada.
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For like eight hours.
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This is stupid.
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The time you spend doing literally nothing could be spent on so many other things.
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Like eating, drinking, exercise, getting a job, spending time remembering that time you accidentally called your teacher mum.
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But instead you're doing this.
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Why?
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Why haven't we figured out a way to not need to do this?
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What does sleep even do?
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And why do you feel sleepy?
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What is sleepy?
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Two things.
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First is the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is just your body clock.
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It relies on light to get an idea of what time it is.
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When it's day, it's chillin'.
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But when it becomes night though, your retinas in your eyes see this
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and then send messages to your body clock and it goes.. bed and then allows the release of melatonin,
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which pretty much tells the brain it's nighttime.
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And second is adenosine.
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The heck is that?
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Well all of your cells use this thing called ATP as energy, but as your body uses it, adenosine accumulates.
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This accumulation increases sleep pressure, which makes you more tired.
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So you finally climb into your bed and then you just lie there?
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Don't worry, even
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Even though you might feel like you're just lying there like a useless blob,
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your part of the brain called the hypothalamus is getting ready to send
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you into your dreamy state where you ride unicorns and eat fluffy clouds.
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During the day, your brain is constantly sending messages using all these different chemicals in your brain called neurotransmitters,
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but it's being extra sure to use these special neurotransmitters to stay awake.
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But as your sleepiness builds,
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it gets to a point where it lets this thing out of the cage the ventrolateral preoptic area inside the hypothalamus,
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or VELPO for short.
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What this does is blocks all the systems in the brain
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that are making sure that it's using these neurotransmitters to stay awake, and thus gets you to fall asleep.
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So now you're sleeping like a baby.
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But again, why have we even evolved to need this absolute waste of time?
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We'll get to that.
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But first, what's happening while you're asleep?
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It's called the sleep cycle, which you've probably heard of before.
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And there's four parts to it.
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First is stage one.
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This is when you're barely asleep.
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Your awareness goes down and muscle activity relaxes.
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This is also the stage where this happens.
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That was what the pros call a hypnic jerk.
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So why does your own body give you a jump scare?
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Well, researchers think that it could be your brain reacting to a sudden relaxation in the muscles and because it's stupid,
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it interprets that as we're falling and jolts your muscles to double check.
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But they aren't actually certain, so it could be something else.
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Anyway, next is stage two, which is a light sleep.
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This is where your heart rate slows, your body temperature decreases, and muscles relax even more.
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But two other really interesting things happen here.
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Sleep spindles, which are short bursts of brain activity, and K -complexes, which are big distinctive brainwaves.
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Why?
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Well, they seem to both have roles in protecting sleep and memory processing, but again, meh.
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Then you get to stage three, deep sleep.
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This is where activity is at its lowest, and your body takes advantage of that, increasing growth hormone secretion, tissue repair,
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immune function support, and metabolic regulation.
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It also takes that opportunity to use the glymphatic systems, which is a nerdy way of saying a waste clearing system for the brain as well.
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And this is the stage where you're the most dead to the world.
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You're just there, in your bed, catching your Z's, sleeping like a baby.
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BOOM!
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REM sleep.
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All of a sudden your heart rate starts going up and down, brain activity jumps, and irregular breathing increases as well.
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REM, or rapid eye movement, is where the most vivid of your dreams happen.
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And yes, it's called rapid eye movement because your eyes are literally darting around while you sleep.
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But, if you're having a dream that you're running away from the scariest thing you can imagine,
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a job application, why don't you move in real life?
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It's called REM -a -tonia.
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Pretty much, your brainstem literally stops messages going from your brain to your skeletal muscles, while other messages for vital muscles such as your heart,
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lungs and yes your eyes are allowed through.
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But on the odd occasion it goes over time and is still stopping you from moving even when you wake up.
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That's what causes sleep paralysis.
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The thing where you're awake but you can't move.
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And yes, because of this mix -up, dreamlike processes can still intrude your awakeness.
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Hence why you sometimes can start hallucinating really scary things.
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Like that job application.
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Then you finish the cycle.
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So, you do it again.
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This whole cycle takes roughly 90 minutes.
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But that can vary depending on the person.
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And they're not even lengths either.
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Usually, earlier in the night you actually get more deep sleep, whereas later in the night you get more REM sleep.
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But then you wake up in the morning and think to yourself, why?
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Think about it though, every night you're putting yourself in a state where you are extremely vulnerable to enemies, you can't eat, you can't drink,
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you can't care for your children, you can't look for a girlfriend, you can't even fill out that job application.
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And yet evolution has gone to extreme lengths in order to preserve this strange routine.
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And when I say extreme, I mean extreme.
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Think about dolphins for instance.
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They need air to survive, but if they slept they would drown.
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So they evolved to not need sleep right?
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Nope.
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They evolved so that to sleep they shut down half of their brain
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and let that side sleep and just use the awake side and then just swap it over.
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And not just dolphins, but many birds also do this too.
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So why hasn't evolution just gotten rid of it altogether?
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Why is it so persistent on keeping sleeping?
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Well, we do know the important stuff that sleep does do.
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First, the brain needs maintenance, and it can't do it as effectively while it's awake.
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It's like trying to do maintenance in a warehouse.
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It's much easier to do it while it's empty rather than when it's full of customers.
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Second, the brain also needs to manage and sort what it learnt that day.
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Organise memories, new skills and get rid of old ones.
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Again, it seems that it can't do it as effectively while it's awake.
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And third is body repair.
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Yet again, it does it better when it's asleep.
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But I still have a problem with that.
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Why do we need to actually be asleep?
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As in unconscious?
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We could have just evolved to be able to repair, sort and maintain ourselves while awake.
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And yet evolution has been determined to keep it,
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and has clearly decided that it's worth the risk of not being conscious for 8 hours every day, than not to sleep at all.
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And that's the real mystery of sleep that no one has been able to really answer.
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Why do we really need sleep?
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And if you want to get a good night's sleep,
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a little birdie told me that hitting the subscribe button and show it two cold sides to your pillow for a week.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Why Do We Actually Need Sleep??”. Las palabras que más se repiten: sleep, brain, awake, muscle, asleep. Este vídeo tiene 118 frases y 1262 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:47. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 162 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 84 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar. 19 de sus 118 frases son preguntas, así que sirve para practicar la entonación de las preguntas y las respuestas cortas.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| awake verbo | /əˈweɪk/ | despertarse |
| muscle sustantivo | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | músculo |
| asleep adjetivo | /əˈsliːp/ | dormido, jato |
| evolve verbo | /ɪˈvɑlv/ | desarrollar |
| evolution sustantivo | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | evolución |
| repair verbo | /ˈɹiːpɛɚ/ | reparar |
| clock sustantivo | /klɑk/ | cuentakilómetros |
| sudden adjetivo | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | repentino, súbito |
| rapid adjetivo | /ˈɹæp.ɪd/ | rápido, raudo |
| scary adjetivo | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | temible, espantoso |
| relax verbo | /ɹɪˈlæks/ | relajar, aflojar |
| sleepy adjetivo | /ˈsliːpi/ | tener sueño, cansado |
| dolphin sustantivo | /ˈdɑlf.ɪn/ | delfín |
| cloud sustantivo | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | nube, nimbo |
| mystery sustantivo | /ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ | misterio, arcano |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| figure out verbo | averiguar, captar | |
| fill out verbo | /fɪl ˈaʊt/ | rellenar, cumplimentar |
| go over verbo | sentar, pasar | |
| go up verbo | subir | |
| lie down verbo | echarse, tenderse | |
| mix up verbo | revolver | |
| shut down verbo | apagar | |
| wake up verbo | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | despertarse, recordar |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- But first, what's happening while you're asleep?
- This is when you're barely asleep.
- The thing where you're awake but you can't move.
- Why do we need to actually be asleep?
- Why do we really need sleep?
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | haven't we figured · have we even evolved · you've probably heard |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | nucleus, which is · pressure, which makes · two, which is |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | could be spent · are allowed |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 28 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, can't, don't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, occasion /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: scary /ˈskɛə.ɹi/, sleepy /ˈsliːpi/, skill /skɪl/, scare /skɛɚ/, swap /ˈswɑp/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, vulnerable /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/, suprachiasmatic /ˌsuːpɹəkʌɪəzˈmatɪk/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como awake, muscle, asleep.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.