Prática de Shadowing: Why Do We Actually Need Sleep?? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Sleeping.

Dormindo.

Every day you go to your bed, lie down and do nothing.

For like eight hours.

This is stupid.

The time you spend doing literally nothing could be spent on so many other things.

Like eating, drinking, exercise, getting a job, spending time remembering that time you accidentally called your teacher mum.

But instead you're doing this.

Why?

Why haven't we figured out a way to not need to do this?

What does sleep even do?

And why do you feel sleepy?

What is sleepy?

Two things.

First is the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is just your body clock.

It relies on light to get an idea of what time it is.

When it's day, it's chillin'.

But when it becomes night though, your retinas in your eyes see this

and then send messages to your body clock and it goes.. bed and then allows the release of melatonin,

which pretty much tells the brain it's nighttime.

And second is adenosine.

The heck is that?

Well all of your cells use this thing called ATP as energy, but as your body uses it, adenosine accumulates.

This accumulation increases sleep pressure, which makes you more tired.

So you finally climb into your bed and then you just lie there?

Don't worry, even

Even though you might feel like you're just lying there like a useless blob,

your part of the brain called the hypothalamus is getting ready to send

you into your dreamy state where you ride unicorns and eat fluffy clouds.

During the day, your brain is constantly sending messages using all these different chemicals in your brain called neurotransmitters,

but it's being extra sure to use these special neurotransmitters to stay awake.

But as your sleepiness builds,

it gets to a point where it lets this thing out of the cage the ventrolateral preoptic area inside the hypothalamus,

or VELPO for short.

What this does is blocks all the systems in the brain

that are making sure that it's using these neurotransmitters to stay awake, and thus gets you to fall asleep.

So now you're sleeping like a baby.

But again, why have we even evolved to need this absolute waste of time?

We'll get to that.

But first, what's happening while you're asleep?

It's called the sleep cycle, which you've probably heard of before.

And there's four parts to it.

First is stage one.

This is when you're barely asleep.

Your awareness goes down and muscle activity relaxes.

This is also the stage where this happens.

That was what the pros call a hypnic jerk.

So why does your own body give you a jump scare?

Well, researchers think that it could be your brain reacting to a sudden relaxation in the muscles and because it's stupid,

it interprets that as we're falling and jolts your muscles to double check.

But they aren't actually certain, so it could be something else.

Anyway, next is stage two, which is a light sleep.

This is where your heart rate slows, your body temperature decreases, and muscles relax even more.

But two other really interesting things happen here.

Sleep spindles, which are short bursts of brain activity, and K -complexes, which are big distinctive brainwaves.

Why?

Well, they seem to both have roles in protecting sleep and memory processing, but again, meh.

Then you get to stage three, deep sleep.

This is where activity is at its lowest, and your body takes advantage of that, increasing growth hormone secretion, tissue repair,

immune function support, and metabolic regulation.

It also takes that opportunity to use the glymphatic systems, which is a nerdy way of saying a waste clearing system for the brain as well.

And this is the stage where you're the most dead to the world.

You're just there, in your bed, catching your Z's, sleeping like a baby.

BOOM!

REM sleep.

All of a sudden your heart rate starts going up and down, brain activity jumps, and irregular breathing increases as well.

REM, or rapid eye movement, is where the most vivid of your dreams happen.

And yes, it's called rapid eye movement because your eyes are literally darting around while you sleep.

But, if you're having a dream that you're running away from the scariest thing you can imagine,

a job application, why don't you move in real life?

It's called REM -a -tonia.

Pretty much, your brainstem literally stops messages going from your brain to your skeletal muscles, while other messages for vital muscles such as your heart,

lungs and yes your eyes are allowed through.

But on the odd occasion it goes over time and is still stopping you from moving even when you wake up.

That's what causes sleep paralysis.

The thing where you're awake but you can't move.

And yes, because of this mix -up, dreamlike processes can still intrude your awakeness.

Hence why you sometimes can start hallucinating really scary things.

Like that job application.

Then you finish the cycle.

So, you do it again.

This whole cycle takes roughly 90 minutes.

But that can vary depending on the person.

And they're not even lengths either.

Usually, earlier in the night you actually get more deep sleep, whereas later in the night you get more REM sleep.

But then you wake up in the morning and think to yourself, why?

Think about it though, every night you're putting yourself in a state where you are extremely vulnerable to enemies, you can't eat, you can't drink,

you can't care for your children, you can't look for a girlfriend, you can't even fill out that job application.

And yet evolution has gone to extreme lengths in order to preserve this strange routine.

And when I say extreme, I mean extreme.

Think about dolphins for instance.

They need air to survive, but if they slept they would drown.

So they evolved to not need sleep right?

Nope.

They evolved so that to sleep they shut down half of their brain

and let that side sleep and just use the awake side and then just swap it over.

And not just dolphins, but many birds also do this too.

So why hasn't evolution just gotten rid of it altogether?

Why is it so persistent on keeping sleeping?

Well, we do know the important stuff that sleep does do.

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First, the brain needs maintenance, and it can't do it as effectively while it's awake.

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It's like trying to do maintenance in a warehouse.

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It's much easier to do it while it's empty rather than when it's full of customers.

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Second, the brain also needs to manage and sort what it learnt that day.

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Organise memories, new skills and get rid of old ones.

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Again, it seems that it can't do it as effectively while it's awake.

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And third is body repair.

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Yet again, it does it better when it's asleep.

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But I still have a problem with that.

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Why do we need to actually be asleep?

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As in unconscious?

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We could have just evolved to be able to repair, sort and maintain ourselves while awake.

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And yet evolution has been determined to keep it,

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and has clearly decided that it's worth the risk of not being conscious for 8 hours every day, than not to sleep at all.

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And that's the real mystery of sleep that no one has been able to really answer.

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Why do we really need sleep?

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And if you want to get a good night's sleep,

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a little birdie told me that hitting the subscribe button and show it two cold sides to your pillow for a week.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Why Do We Actually Need Sleep??”. As palavras que mais se repetem: sleep, brain, awake, muscle, asleep. Este vídeo tem 118 frases e 1262 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:47. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 162 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar. 19 das 118 frases são perguntas, por isso é um bom treino para a entonação de perguntas e respostas curtas.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

Palavra	Pronúncia	Significado
awake verbo	/əˈweɪk/	acordar, despertar
muscle substantivo	/ˈmʌs.əl/	músculo
asleep adjetivo	/əˈsliːp/	dormindo
evolve verbo	/ɪˈvɑlv/	desenvolver, elaborar
evolution substantivo	/ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/	evolução
repair verbo	/ˈɹiːpɛɚ/	reparar
clock substantivo	/klɑk/	velocímetro
sudden adjetivo	/ˈsʌd.ən/	repentino, súbito
rapid adjetivo	/ˈɹæp.ɪd/	rápido
scary adjetivo	/ˈskɛə.ɹi/	assustador
relax verbo	/ɹɪˈlæks/	soltar, afrouxar
sleepy adjetivo	/ˈsliːpi/	sonolento, com sono
dolphin substantivo	/ˈdɑlf.ɪn/	golfinho, delfim
cloud substantivo	/ˈklaʊ̯d/	nuvem, nimbo
mystery substantivo	/ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/	mistério

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

Palavra	Pronúncia	Significado
figure out verbo		descobrir, deduzir
fill out verbo	/fɪl ˈaʊt/	preencher
go down verbo		descer
go up verbo		subir
lie down verbo		deitar-se
shut down verbo		apagar, encerrar
wake up verbo	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	acordar, despertar

Frases que vale a pena repetir

Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:

But first, what's happening while you're asleep?
This is when you're barely asleep.
The thing where you're awake but you can't move.
Why do we need to actually be asleep?
Why do we really need sleep?

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

Estrutura	No vídeo
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora	haven't we figured · have we even evolved · you've probably heard
Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa	nucleus, which is · pressure, which makes · two, which is
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz	could be spent · are allowed

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

O falante usa 28 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, can't, don't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.

Os sons de “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, occasion /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/
Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: awake /əˈweɪk/, asleep /əˈsliːp/, clock /klɑk/, rapid /ˈɹæp.ɪd/, cloud /ˈklaʊ̯d/
/l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/, skill /skɪl/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, skeletal /ˈskɛl.ə.təl/, spindle /ˈspɪndəl/
/h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, hence /ˈhɛns/, warehouse /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/, heck /hɛk/, hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/

Como praticar com este vídeo

Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como awake, muscle, asleep.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →

Prática de Shadowing: Why Do We Actually Need Sleep?? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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