Pratique du Shadowing: ENGLISH SPEECH | TIM COOK: Be a Builder (English Subtitles) - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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129 phrases
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1
Stanford is near to my heart, not least because I live just a mile and a half from here.
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Of course, if my accent hasn’t given it away, for the first part of my life I had to admire this place from a distance.
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I went to school on the other side of the country, at Auburn University, in the heart of landlocked Eastern Alabama.
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You may not know this, but I was on the sailing team all four years.
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It wasn’t easy.
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Back then, the closest marina was a three-hour drive away.
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For practice, most of the time we had to wait for a heavy rainstorm to flood the football field.
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And tying knots is hard!
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Who knew? Yet somehow, against all odds, we managed to beat Stanford every time.
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We must have gotten lucky with the wind.
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Kidding aside, I know the real reason I’m here, and I don’t take it lightly.
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Stanford and Silicon Valley’s roots are woven together.
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We’re part of the same ecosystem.
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It was true when Steve stood on this stage 14 years ago, it’s true today, and, presumably, it’ll be true for a while longer still.
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The past few decades have lifted us together.
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But today we gather at a moment that demands some reflection.
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Fueled by caffeine and code, optimism and idealism, conviction and creativity, generations of Stanford graduates (and dropouts) have used technology to remake our society.
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But I think you would agree that, lately, the results haven’t been neat or straightforward.
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In just the four years that you’ve been here at the Farm, things feel like they have taken a sharp turn.
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Crisis has tempered optimism.
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Consequences have challenged idealism.
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And reality has shaken blind faith.
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And yet we are all still drawn here.
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For good reason.
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Big dreams live here, as do the genius and passion to make them real.
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In an age of cynicism, this place still believes that the human capacity to solve problems is boundless.
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But so, it seems, is our potential to create them.
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That’s what I’m interested in talking about today.
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Because if I’ve learned one thing, it’s that technology doesn’t change who we are, it magnifies who we are, the good and the bad.
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Our problems – in technology, in politics, wherever – are human problems.
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From the Garden of Eden to today, it’s our humanity that got us into this mess, and it’s our humanity that’s going to have to get us out.
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First things first, here’s a plain fact.
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Silicon Valley is responsible for some of the most revolutionary inventions in modern history.
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From the first oscillator built in the Hewlett-Packard garage to the iPhones that I know you’re holding in your hands.
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Social media, shareable video, snaps and stories that connect half the people on Earth.
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They all trace their roots to Stanford’s backyard.
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But lately, it seems, this industry is becoming better known for a less noble innovation: the belief that you can claim credit without accepting responsibility.
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We see it every day now, with every data breach, every privacy violation, every blind eye turned to hate speech.
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Fake news poisoning our national conversation.
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The false promise of miracles in exchange for a single drop of your blood.
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Too many seem to think that good intentions excuse away harmful outcomes.
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But whether you like it or not, what you build and what you create define who you are.
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It feels a bit crazy that anyone should have to say this.
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But if you’ve built a chaos factory, you can’t dodge responsibility for the chaos.
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Taking responsibility means having the courage to think things through.
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And there are few areas where this is more important than privacy.
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If we accept as normal and unavoidable that everything in our lives can be aggregated, sold, or even leaked in the event of a hack, then we lose so much more than data.
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We lose the freedom to be human.
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Think about what’s at stake.
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Everything you write, everything you say, every topic of curiosity, every stray thought, every impulsive purchase, every moment of frustration or weakness, every gripe or complaint, every secret shared in confidence.
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In a world without digital privacy, even if you have done nothing wrong other than think differently, you begin to censor yourself.
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Not entirely at first.
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Just a little, bit by bit.
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To risk less, to hope less, to imagine less, to dare less, to create less, to try less, to talk less, to think less.
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The chilling effect of digital surveillance is profound, and it touches everything.
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What a small, unimaginative world we would end up with.
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Not entirely at first.
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Just a little, bit by bit.
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Ironically, it’s the kind of environment that would have stopped Silicon Valley before it had even gotten started.
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We deserve better.
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You deserve better.
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If we believe that freedom means an environment where great ideas can take root, where they can grow and be nurtured without fear of irrational restrictions or burdens, then it’s our duty to change course, because your generation ought to have the same freedom to shape the future as the generation that came before.
63
Graduates, at the very least, learn from these mistakes.
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If you want to take credit, first learn to take responsibility.
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Now, a lot of you – the vast majority – won’t find yourselves in tech at all.
66
That’s as it should be.
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We need your minds at work far and wide, because our challenges are great, and they can’t be solved by any single industry.
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No matter where you go, no matter what you do, I know you will be ambitious.
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You wouldn’t be here today if you weren’t.
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Match that ambition with humility – a humility of purpose.
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That doesn’t mean being tamer, being smaller, being less in what you do.
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It’s the opposite, it’s about serving something greater.
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The author Madeleine L’Engle wrote, “Humility is throwing oneself away in complete concentration on something or someone else.” In other words, whatever you do with your life, be a builder.
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You don’t have to start from scratch to build something monumental.
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And, conversely, the best founders – the ones whose creations last and whose reputations grow rather than shrink with passing time – they spend most of their time building, piece by piece.
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Builders are comfortable in the belief that their life’s work will one day be bigger than them – bigger than any one person.
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They’re mindful that its effects will span generations.
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That’s not an accident.
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In a way, it’s the whole point.
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In a few days we will mark the 50th anniversary of the riots at Stonewall.
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When the patrons of the Stonewall Inn showed up that night – people of all races, gay and transgender, young and old – they had no idea what history had in store for them.
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It would have seemed foolish to dream it.
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When the door was busted open by police, it was not the knock of opportunity or the call of destiny.
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It was just another instance of the world telling them that they ought to feel worthless for being different.
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But the group gathered there felt something strengthen in them.
86
A conviction that they deserved something better than the shadows, and better than oblivion.
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And if it wasn’t going to be given, then they were going to have to build it themselves.
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I was 8 years old and a thousand miles away when Stonewall happened.
89
There were no news alerts, no way for photos to go viral, no mechanism for a kid on the Gulf Coast to hear these unlikely heroes tell their stories.
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Greenwich Village may as well have been a different planet, though I can tell you that the slurs and hatreds were the same.
91
What I would not know, for a long time, was what I owed to a group of people I never knew in a place I’d never been.
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Yet I will never stop being grateful for what they had the courage to build.
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Graduates, being a builder is about believing that you cannot possibly be the greatest cause on this Earth, because you aren’t built to last.
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It’s about making peace with the fact that you won’t be there for the end of the story.
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That brings me to my last bit of advice.
96
Fourteen years ago, Steve stood on this stage and told your predecessors: “Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life.” Here’s my corollary: “Your mentors may leave you prepared, but they can’t leave you ready.” When Steve got sick, I had hardwired my thinking to the belief that he would get better.
97
I not only thought he would hold on, I was convinced, down to my core, that he’d still be guiding Apple long after I, myself, was gone.
98
Then, one day, he called me over to his house and told me that it wasn’t going to be that way.
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Even then, I was convinced he would stay on as chairman.
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That he’d step back from the day to day but always be there as a sounding board.
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But there was no reason to believe that.
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I never should have thought it.
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The facts were all there.
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And when he was gone, truly gone, I learned the real, visceral difference between preparation and readiness.
105
It was the loneliest I’ve ever felt in my life.
106
By an order of magnitude.
107
It was one of those moments where you can be surrounded by people, yet you don’t really see, hear or even feel them.
108
But I could sense their expectations.
109
When the dust settled, all I knew was that I was going to have to be the best version of myself that I could be.
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I knew that if you got out of bed every morning and set your watch by what other people expect or demand, it’ll drive you crazy.
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So what was true then is true now.
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Don’t waste your time living someone else’s life.
113
Don’t try to emulate the people who came before you to the exclusion of everything else, contorting into a shape that doesn’t fit.
114
It takes too much mental effort – effort that should be dedicated to creating and building.
115
You’ll waste precious time trying to rewire your every thought, and, in the mean time, you won’t be fooling anybody.
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Graduates, the fact is, when your time comes, and it will, you’ll never be ready.
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But you’re not supposed to be.
118
Find the hope in the unexpected.
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Find the courage in the challenge.
120
Find your vision on the solitary road.
121
Don’t get distracted.
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There are too many people who want credit without responsibility.
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Too many who show up for the ribbon cutting without building anything worth a damn.
124
Be different.
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Leave something worthy.
126
And always remember that you can’t take it with you.
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You’re going to have to pass it on.
128
Thank you very much.
129
And Congratulations to the Class of 2019!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « ENGLISH SPEECH ». Cette vidéo contient 129 phrases et 1818 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 16:02. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 113 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 83 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| humility nom | /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ | humilité |
| builder nom | /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/ | constructeur, constructrice |
| idealism nom | /ʌɪˈdɪəlɪz(ə)m/ | idéalisme |
| optimism nom | /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/ | optimisme |
| boundless adjectif | /ˈbaʊndləs/ | illimité |
| censor nom | /ˈsɛnsɚ/ | censeur, censeure |
| contort verbe | /kənˈtɔː(ɹ)t/ | se contorsionner |
| corollary nom | /ˈkɔɹəˌlɛɹi/ | corollaire, corolaire |
| cynicism nom | /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪzəm/ | cynisme |
| emulate verbe | /ˈɛm.jʊ.leɪt/ | émuler, imiter |
| impulsive adjectif | /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/ | impulsif |
| landlocked adjectif | /ˈlændlɑkt/ | enclavé, sans littoral |
| magnify verbe | /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ/ | agrandir |
| mindful adjectif | /ˈmaɪnd.fl̩/ | conscient |
| nurture nom | /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/ | élever, éduquer |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| drive away verbe | repousser |
| show up verbe | apparaître, se montrer se pointer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- We’re part of the same ecosystem.
- That’s what I’m interested in talking about today.
- You wouldn’t be here today if you weren’t.
- Don’t waste your time living someone else’s life.
- You’re going to have to pass it on.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | hasn't given · have lifted · have used |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | can be aggregated · be nurtured · can't be solved |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who came · people who want |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 43 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, can't, doesn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: shareable /ˈʃɛəɹ.ə.bəl/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, exclusion /ɪksˈkluːʒən/, restriction /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/, foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/, idealism /ʌɪˈdɪəlɪz(ə)m/, optimism /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/, corollary /ˈkɔɹəˌlɛɹi/, cynicism /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪzəm/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, hatred /ˈheɪtɹɪd/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: nurture /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/, unimaginative /ˌʌnɪˈmad͡ʒɪnətɪv/, dodge /dɑd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: builder /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/, contort /kənˈtɔː(ɹ)t/, corollary /ˈkɔɹəˌlɛɹi/, nurture /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/, rainstorm /ˈɹeɪnstɔɹm/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme humility, builder, idealism.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.