Pratique du Shadowing: How to Memorize Anything | practice English with Spotlight - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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138 phrases
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Welcome to Spotlight. I’m Colin Lowther.
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And I’m Liz Waid.
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Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting.
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It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
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Think of an event in your life that you remember very well.
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You can think of any memory, as long as it is clear.
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Think back. Where were you?
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Who were you with? What time was it?
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Can you smell anything? Taste anything?
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Why do you think you remember this event so well?
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Click here to follow along with this program on YouTube.
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Memory is strange.
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Sometimes, a person might remember something that is extremely important to them.
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At other times, she may remember a fact that does not matter at all.
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It may be difficult to learn something she wants to remember, like an English vocabulary word!
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But this does not always have to be the case.
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There are actually special methods that you can use to improve your memory.
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Today’s Spotlight is on how to use your memory to remember anything.
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No one’s memory is perfect.
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What a person remembers can be unreliable.
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Even the most intelligent people forget things.
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This does not mean a person has a bad memory.
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It means he is not using his mind to his advantage.
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The brain has two kinds of memory.
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The first is short term, or working, memory.
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This kind of memory is useful for a very short time.
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Experts say you can store four sets of information in your short-term memory at the same time.
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Information in short term memory will last about 20 to 30 seconds or less.
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Then it disappears.
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The second kind of memory is long-term memory.
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Long-term memory is what people usually think of when they say they have memorized something.
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Memories in the long-term memory stay.
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A person can remember them again and again.
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These are memories like the names of people you know, how to do a task, or memories from a special event from a long time ago.
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The trick of remembering is moving information from short-term to long-term memory.
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No one knows exactly how this happens.
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But scientists do have theories.
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Richard Mohs is a writer at howstuffworks.com.
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He writes that going from one kind of memory to the other is all about attention.
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You must focus on particular things.
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“To properly create a memory, you must first be paying attention.
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You cannot pay attention to everything all the time.
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So, most of what you see every day is filtered out.
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Only some information passes into your conscious awareness.
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How you pay attention to information may be the most important part of how much of it you actually remember.” People also remember things that are similar to what they already know.
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This is because of the structure of the brain.
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Most of the brain is made of cells called neurons.
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When we learn something, different neurons connect to each other.
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When these neurons stay connected, it forms a memory.
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The more connections a memory has, the stronger it will be.
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For example, think of a person you know.
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When you think of that person, the same neurons become active in your brain – every time!
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Memories can also link to other memories, making them stronger still.
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This is why memories with multiple senses last longer.
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For example, a memory where you experienced something by hearing, tasting, and smelling, may be very strong because you used more senses in the experience.
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These memories connect different parts of the brain.
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Think of the person you just remembered.
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Do you remember what their laugh sounds like?
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Do you remember the sound of their voice?
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Finally, we make memories when we have repeated experiences.
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Each time we do the same thing, our brains make new connections.
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Scientists say our neurons activate, or fire.
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Richard Mohs uses practicing music as an example.
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“If you play a piece of music over and over, certain cells in your brain fire repeatedly in a certain order.
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This makes it easier to repeat this firing later on.
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The result: You get better at playing music.
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You can play it faster, with fewer mistakes.
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Practice it long enough, and you will play it perfectly.” Practicing, or repeating information, is one of the most popular methods of remembering.
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If a person has vocabulary cards, they are using this method.
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But this is not always the best way to memorize.
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There are many methods which use the other ways we remember - or combine them.
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Another memorization method is called a mnemonic device.
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One well known mnemonic device is called an acronym.
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Acronyms are helpful in memorizing words.
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To create an acronym, find a list of words you would like to memorize.
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It is usually helpful if there is something similar about them.
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Then, take the first letter from each word.
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Organize those letters into a word or phrase.
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You have now made an acronym.
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Each letter in the final word stands in for another word.
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So, to memorize many words, you only have to remember one.
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One famous acronym for learning English conjunctions is FANBOYS.
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The F stands in for the word “for”.
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A stands for “and”.
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The rest stand for nor, but, or, yet, and so.
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Acronyms work because they make the information simple.
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Another memorization method is visualization.
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In visualization, you think of an image or picture that represents the thing you are trying to remember.
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For example, imagine a person is trying to remember the name Melanie.
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He might think of a picture.
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In the picture, a woman is holding a melon fruit.
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She is crushing the melon with her knee.
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The sound of the two images will remind him of the name Melanie.
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The image is also very strange.
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It is easier for the mind to remember unusual things.
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Visualization works because it makes the foreign information into something familiar.
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One of the most interesting mnemonic devices is called the method of loci.
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It is also called a memory palace.
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To create a memory palace, a person must think of a familiar area, like a house, or a street.
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Then, she must imagine a journey through that space.
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In the journey, she stops at different, familiar areas.
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In each of these areas, she places an item.
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The item must have something to do with the thing she is trying to remember.
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Melanie Pinola is a writer and mental athlete.
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She competes with others to remember long lists of numbers or words.
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She wrote about the memory palace technique for Lifehacker.com.
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“For everyday use, the memory palace is helpful for remembering a list of things.
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Start a journey beginning at a place you know very well, like your home.
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Begin at your door.
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If you want to remember a grocery list, imagine the items you need.
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Imagine a container of milk overflowing on your doorstep.
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When you get inside, perhaps two giant steaks attack you in your doorway.
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Continue to your living room to find pretzels dancing on the rug.
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Again, the more movement, strange experiences, and senses you put into your memory palace, the better for your memorization.” This may seem like a lot of work, creating more information than the person needs to memorize.
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But the method of loci is actually a way of “hacking” the brain.
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To remember something, the brain needs a network of information.
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Without this network, the memory will fade quickly.
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The method of loci creates a new network.
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It uses multiple senses.
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And then, it attaches the network to something familiar.
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This way, what you are trying to remember enters the long-term memory.
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There are many more mnemonic devices.
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But most memory methods involve one of these three steps: Make it simple.
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Visualize it - that is, imagine you can see it in your mind.
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Connect the information to something you already know.
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If you can master these simple tips, you will be able to remember huge amounts of information.
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What will you memorize now?
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Do you have any special ways you remember things?
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What are they? Will you try a new method?
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You can leave a comment on our website at www.spotlightenglish.com.
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You can also find us on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.
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The writer of this program was Dan Christmann.
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The producer was Michio Ozaki.
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The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and the United States.
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All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight.
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This program is called: How to Memorize Anything.
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Visit our website to download our free official app for Android and Apple devices.
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We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How to Memorize Anything ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : memory, method, word, brain, term. Cette vidéo contient 138 phrases et 1453 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 17:11. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 85 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. 87 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| memorize verbe | /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ | mémoriser, apprendre par cœur |
| acronym nom | /ˈækɹənɪm/ | sigle, acronyme |
| neuron nom | /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ | neurone, cellule nerveuse |
| mnemonic nom | /nəˈmɑnɪk/ | mnémonique, mnémotechnie |
| locus nom | /ˈloʊkəs/ | lieu, endroit |
| memorization nom | /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/ | mémorisation |
| visualization nom | /ˌvɪʒ.ʊ.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | visualisation |
| litter nom | /ˈlɪt.ɚ/ | litière |
| vocabulary nom | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | vocabulaire, lexique |
| overflow verbe | /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ | déborder |
| pretzel nom | /ˈpɹɛt.səl/ | bretzel |
| visualize verbe | /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/ | visualiser |
| doorstep nom | /ˈdɔː(ɹ)stɛp/ | seuil |
| doorway nom | /ˈdɔɹweɪ/ | embrasure de la porte |
| unreliable adjectif | /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ | non fiable, à qui on ne peut pas se fier |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| stand in for verbe | remplacer, suppléer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Do you remember what their laugh sounds like?
- Do you remember the sound of their voice?
- What will you memorize now?
- Do you have any special ways you remember things?
- Will you try a new method?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is filtered · is made · is called |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have memorized · have repeated · have now made |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: memorization /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/, visualization /ˌvɪʒ.ʊ.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/, conjunction /kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃn̩/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: memorization /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/, visualization /ˌvɪʒ.ʊ.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, unreliable /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, conjunction /kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃn̩/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: memorize /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/, acronym /ˈækɹənɪm/, neuron /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/, memorization /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme memorize, acronym, neuron.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.