Pratique du Shadowing: Neil’s Most Important Explainer Ever - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
1
Chuck, I probably got one of the most important explainers I'll ever deliver.
2
Get out!
3
Yeah.
4
Oh my! May I?
5
We've had a lot of explainers.
6
I am thoroughly intrigued.
7
Alright, so, coming into the 19th century.
8
Okay.
9
The 1800s.
10
We're discovering the laws of physics.
11
Yes.
12
And we know that light exists.
13
Mm-hmm.
14
And you can put it through a prism, and you get colors.
15
Then we realize, well, if it's light and it's moving through space, are there any other properties of this light that we can measure?
16
Because no science achieves maturity without a system of measurement.
17
Ooh, look at that.
18
That's not me, that's Logan Clendenning.
19
Logan Clendenning.
20
By the way, this is one of the forces that prevented psychology from maturing.
21
Into an actual science? out of its original state.
22
Right, right.
23
Because how do you measure someone's thoughts?
24
Or even a brain, because every brain is different.
25
Freud tried, and he has, you know, the interpretation of dreams.
26
Right.
27
But if you can't measure it, it just makes it really hard to systematize what you're talking about.
28
Mm. And physics...
29
Now, do you say that because you have a problem with your mother?
30
Tell me how you feel about your parents.
31
So what else can we measure about light?
32
It's how bright it is.
33
We can measure its color, but wait a minute.
34
We learn that light is also made of particles, and we gave a name to those particles.
35
We call them photons.
36
And depending on how you measure the light, it can manifest as a particle or as a wave.
37
It's the same thing.
38
Our brain just can't handle the truth, that it is simultaneously a particle and a wave.
39
I don't blame us.
40
Back in the day, we tried to embrace the word wavicle.
41
No. I'm just gonna come out and say no to that.
42
Apparently so did everybody else.
43
Yeah.
44
So if it has a wavelength, what happens if I change the wavelength?
45
The light changes color.
46
Oh my gosh.
47
Okay.
48
So color and wavelength go together.
49
Mm-hmm.
50
I don't see color, so I don't see wavelength either.
51
It's all just one wave.
52
It's just one wave to me.
53
I look at it and I'm just like, what a beautiful wave.
54
Put a pin in that.
55
All right.
56
And so now let's talk about something else and we'll bring it all together.
57
When we tried to harness electricity, a lot of early work was done by you-know-who.
58
Don't say Ben Franklin.
59
Ben Franklin.
60
Oh, my man.
61
Yeah, he published a book.
62
Yes.
63
Called Experimental Researches into Electricity.
64
You do it, you pimp.
65
I love you, Ben Franklin.
66
It was read all throughout Europe.
67
Yes.
68
We think of him as just a founding father.
69
My boy.
70
He was a gentleman scientist, people.
71
He was a frontier scientist.
72
Yes.
73
Frontier scientist.
74
Love him.
75
So we got this electricity, what is it, how does it work?
76
We wouldn't discover the electron for 80 more years.
77
Wow.
78
Right?
79
So what carries it, what causes it, what's it about?
80
Then we found magnetism.
81
This is what started Albert Einstein on his quest to learn physics.
82
Intrigued that a magnet can influence an object at a distance.
83
At a distance.
84
Without actually touching it.
85
Right, something must be there.
86
Something that was there, how, where, and why.
87
Why am I so attracted to you, girl?
88
Michael Faraday, mid-19th century physicist, didn't know much math, but he was highly insightful.
89
Wow.
90
I didn't know that about him.
91
There's no equations in any of his writings.
92
Hardly any.
93
Oh my god, there's hope for me yet!
94
But he had a very deep, intuitive sense of what was going on.
95
We credit the invention of the idea of a field to him him.
96
Okay, right.
97
Magnetic field.
98
Magnetic field, yeah.
99
And then he saw that you can have an electric field.
100
Nice.
101
And when you do something with one, it affects the other.
102
If I take a wire, pass it through a magnetic field, current shows up in the wire.
103
Electrons move through the wire.
104
He had to figure out how to measure that.
105
Okay, that would be today what we call an ammeter.
106
Right.
107
How many amps are coming through the wire.
108
You take the wire, put it through the magnet, The ammeter does this.
109
So I used a magnetic field to create electricity.
110
Wait a minute.
111
Electricity, magnetism.
112
These were two separate forces.
113
Until we said, wait a minute.
114
If one can make the other and vice versa, maybe they're two sides of the same coin.
115
And that coin we will call the electromagnetic coin.
116
You got magnetism in my electricity.
117
You got electricity in my magnetism.
118
They're two great texts that go great together!
119
They go really...
120
They're the Reese's Peanut Butter Cup of Science!
121
...of physics!
122
So, they go really well together.
123
Yeah.
124
And so we staple together those two prefixes...
125
Right.
126
...and we have electromagnetism.
127
Nice.
128
Okay?
129
Right.
130
Then it turns out, it's electromagnetism that's responsible for creating light.
131
And different wavelengths of light make different kinds of light.
132
You now went from electricity and magnetism to electromagnetism to the electromagnetic spectrum.
133
Whoa.
134
Nice.
135
Oh my gosh.
136
I love it.
137
A triumph of 19th century physics.
138
It is.
139
The electromagnetic spectrum.
140
And so no longer is it just light is what your retina detects.
141
Right.
142
That's a range of wavelengths that tickle the cones in our eye to sense color.
143
Right.
144
That's how we distinguish those wavelengths.
145
Nice.
146
That's how our body can know what is a red object
147
and what is blue and what is green and everything in between.
148
Except for me, because I don't see color.
149
So I got a cool fact to just sort of shoehorn in the middle of all this.
150
Okay.
151
When you look at an apple, let's say it's a red apple, you say, that apple is red.
152
Right.
153
That's how we experience it.
154
That's how we roll.
155
Right.
156
Okay.
157
It's a red apple.
158
Well, it's only red because white light hit it.
159
Okay.
160
And white light has which colors in it?
161
All the colors.
162
Roy G.
163
Biff?
164
Yes.
165
It has all those colors in it.
166
But to you it's red.
167
So how am I seeing red when white light is hitting all the colors?
168
The apple is absorbing orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, and reflecting red back to you.
169
Red is the only color that it isn't.
170
It is bouncing that back to you.
171
Right.
172
We say that apple is red, but it absorbed all the other colors.
173
All the other colors.
174
So it's our language references our own reference frame.
175
We say it is red, when that is the only color that it rejected.
176
That it rejected.
177
Don't believe your eyes, ever.
178
Don't believe your brain, don't believe your eyes.
179
It's true for anything that has color.
180
That has color.
181
Right.
182
Right.
183
And if the object is white, it reflects all of Roy G.
184
Biv back to you.
185
Right.
186
because white light is a colonizing light.
187
It takes all the colors.
188
Like, y'all all belong to me now.
189
I don't know what you talking about.
190
I think you're gonna, I'm not rejecting anything.
191
You're all mine.
192
You're all gonna work for me.
193
What happens if the object absorbs all colors?
194
Well, then it's gotta be white. If it, oh no!
195
What's up my brother?
196
Yo, it's good to see you man.
197
If it absorbs all the colors, then nothing comes back and it is black.
198
There you go.
199
So you can't be black without being white.
200
That's not what I said.
201
Basically, no matter what, we are all white.
202
I hate to say it, but it's true.
203
No matter what, Martin Luther King had it wrong.
204
He had a dream, but it was the wrong dream.
205
I have a dream that one day, black, red, yellow, brown, we'll all be white.
206
Sorry.
207
William Herschel.
208
Yes.
209
He asked the question.
210
He had Newton's spectrum on the table through a light coming through the curtain.
211
And he wanted to know what are the different temperatures of each color.
212
So he took his thermometer, put it in the spectrum.
213
You need a control thermometer.
214
Right.
215
Put that to the side.
216
Yeah.
217
The one that is not touched by any of these colors.
218
So he put one right to the side of the red.
219
Nothing's touching that.
220
And he checks the temperature.
221
The red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet.
222
And in every case, the thermometer that read the highest temperature was the control thermometer.
223
Wow.
224
Sounds...
225
That's odd.
226
That's exactly...
227
It's a...
228
That's odd.
229
So then he took the control thermometer and put it somewhere else.
230
It didn't do it.
231
It didn't do it.
232
Only if it sat next to the red.
233
Wow.
234
And then he publishes a paper.
235
I have a copy of this paper.
236
And it's like I hear angels every time I...
237
Oh!
238
It is the discovery of light unfit for vision.
239
Wow.
240
That's what he called it.
241
This light is too good for your eyes.
242
So that was the discovery of...
243
That would be infrared.
244
It's below red, infrared.
245
Right.
246
Below red.
247
Below red.
248
So then we're off to the races.
249
Right.
250
What else is there?
251
What else is there?
252
It would take...
253
We would discover other bands of light at very different times because you need special detectors for it.
254
The thermometer is a detector of infrared.
255
Right.
256
But is your thermometer a detector of microwaves?
257
Not so much.
258
No. Is your thermometer a detector of ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays?
259
Not so much.
260
So the detector has to be able to absorb the light and somehow record what that is that it just absorbed.
261
Thermometers absorb infrared.
262
There it was.
263
So going forward from there, that was the 1700s into the 1800s and into the 1900s, into the 2000s.
264
We are appending windows of the electromagnetic spectrum to what we only ever once knew as visible light.
265
Wow.
266
Yeah.
267
That's really...
268
That's dope.
269
Fascinating.
270
Yes, yes.
271
So the visible light, let's go in the red side.
272
So beyond red, we had infrared.
273
Right.
274
A sensible name.
275
Infrared.
276
Beyond infrared, physicists got in there first, and they just called it all radio waves.
277
These are bigger wavelengths than visible light.
278
In fact, it's so big, you can like draw it on a page.
279
Wow.
280
Okay?
281
So the smaller radio waves are between like a millimeter and a few centimeters.
282
Okay.
283
You can draw that.
284
That's still big.
285
Okay? so for the metrically challenged out there, fraction of an inch to about an inch.
286
Okay?
287
Those are the small radio waves.
288
Then the bigger radio waves are the size of like a meter.
289
They're feet long.
290
The original TVs that had rabbit ear antennas received long wavelength radio waves Mm-hmm
291
that were the same length as your antenna
292
Which is why it could grab it out of the air
293
and go to the reception grab it out of the air if you want it for these
294
Radio waves if you want to detect them right you need a receiver
295
You need an antenna about the same size as the radio wave that's really cool That it is really cool.
296
That's really cool.
297
Okay, so that's why they had to be telescopic Telescope.
298
And depending on what your frequency was is how that would work.
299
And that's why sometimes if you're old enough, like if you're a kid of the 70s, when they still had these and your family didn't have the newer television,
300
your dad would make you stand there and hold it.
301
And you'd be part of the antenna.
302
And you'd be part of the antenna.
303
He's like, I don't know what you're doing, boy, but you keep right there until this game is over.
304
When this game is over, you can leave.
305
Later we would learn is that the shorter radio wavelengths were excellent for communication
306
because you can pack more information the smaller the wavelength is.
307
As you got to shorter and shorter radio waves, we came up with a new word for them.
308
Microwaves.
309
Oh, there you go.
310
Micro, we think of micro as really small, but they're just small radio waves.
311
They're just smaller than the radio waves.
312
Right, and so that became a whole band of light that earned its own title.
313
Right.
314
Microwaves.
315
We would later learn by accident in the 20th century, right that microwaves and the water molecule they got a thing going.
316
Oh nice.
317
Okay, right water molecule loves absorbing microwaves.
318
Give it to me.
319
Okay in certain frequencies more than others.
320
Oh I just used the word frequency.
321
If you have a wavelength
322
Which I've been describing is right meters long centimeters much much
323
smaller in the visible part how fast is all this moving
324
it's all radio waves microwaves infrared it's all light yeah we get the speed of light
325
so watch I have a wavelength this big going by me at the speed of light right
326
and I have a clock I would say how many crests
327
go by per second gotcha that's the frequency of the light right because it's still going to be the speed of light,
328
but you're going to get more crests and troughs depending on the higher frequencies.
329
Nice.
330
Yes.
331
Okay.
332
So the shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency.
333
So the wavelength and the frequency go in opposite...
334
Inverse relationship.
335
Precisely inverse relation.
336
Very cool.
337
Okay.
338
As one goes up by a factor of two, the other drops by a factor of two.
339
Cool.
340
Because they're multiplied by each other to give you the speed of light.
341
Oh!
342
I love it!
343
Oh, that is dope!
344
Speed of light equals frequency times wavelength.
345
And it's going to always...
346
If one dropped, the other goes up.
347
So they're always in perfect balance to bring you the speed of light.
348
Oh man, that's really cool!
349
That's how that works.
350
Yeah.
351
Okay, so now we learned that microwaves are absorbed by water.
352
Okay.
353
Water is a major food additive. Of course. about it.
354
I don't know that there's much of anything you eat that doesn't have water in it.
355
At some level.
356
Other food molecules will absorb microwaves, but water does it best.
357
And I'm told, I didn't verify this, but it's kind of fun.
358
They were working with microwaves in a lab.
359
Was it at MIT somewhere?
360
And somebody walked in front of a microwave beam, and he checked his pocket, and the chocolate bar was melted.
361
And he said, how'd that happen?
362
Then they did experiments, And they're like absorbed it very efficiently now you don't want to really be in the beam of microwaves No, because it'll get in your skin.
363
Yeah, we're you got a lot of watering your body and your body.
364
Okay?
365
It'll start heating you up.
366
Yeah, okay You want to look in the vituous humor of your body.
367
Oh my God I can't even imagine and by the way
368
Microwaves pass through glass right glass don't absorb microwave exactly so how else do we have microwave ovens with glass doors?
369
Mmm Well, because they're not there is science oven.
370
That's why they cook with science.
371
Okay The glass door the microwave oven isn't just glass door.
372
No, right.
373
There is a screen there always with holes And those holes it's a metal screen.
374
Yeah, and those holes are each
375
Smaller than the wavelength of the microwave that's cooking the food
376
So they block the microwave walk them I coming out of the passing through the glass
377
And yet you can still see through it.
378
Yes.
379
I don't know who thought of that, but that was a brilliant...
380
Thank you, sir, or ma'am, whoever you were.
381
It's called science.
382
Science!
383
That is really cool.
384
Yes.
385
So people who are afraid of microwave leakage, not through the door, it's not.
386
I'm sterile.
387
I think it was my microwave oven that was the big thing.
388
And there's still people to this day who say, let's nuke it in the microwave.
389
It's got nothing to do with nuclear forces.
390
It's microwave light and the water molecule.
391
Look at that.
392
Pure and simple.
393
resonates with it.
394
So it vibrates and you vibrate them like this and it's friction.
395
Friction is ultimately what's heating the food.
396
Look at that.
397
Not like nukes.
398
Instead you could just rub your chicken wings together very quickly.
399
They would heat up.
400
And they would heat up.
401
Yeah.
402
So each of these bands of light has different utilities.
403
Yeah.
404
Different value to us in civilization.
405
Beyond violet, ultraviolet.
406
Hostile to biology.
407
They have those eyeglass sterilizers.
408
You know if you you know you put them in a thing close the door and it turn on the switch Yeah, bay is them in ultraviolet light.
409
Yeah, they do that now with them your utensils that they
410
Reuse like in dentistry energy of the ultraviolet light gets absorbed by molecules
411
That then breaks the part the molecules of life look at
412
that hostile to life hostile to hostile to fight We keep going beyond ultraviolet we get to x-rays Mmm, and then gamma rays.
413
Yes, and that is the entire that's it the spectrum named
414
Electromagnetic spectrum is it possible that there could be something above gamma rays sure, but we would still pause just call them gamma rays Oh, yes gamma rays all the way down the way down.
415
Yeah Unless we have a really specific use for it That's really helpful then we can divide it up
416
and say let's call it something new
417
if it does exist We have nothing to do with it exactly the visible part of the spectrum.
418
Yes We are practically blind on this spectrum.
419
It would be like listening to Beethoven's 9th Symphony in one octave getting played.
420
That's not very attractive.
421
That doesn't sound very good.
422
I don't want to hear that on the radio.
423
Right, exactly.
424
It's not like a toy piano.
425
Right, the toy piano.
426
Right, right.
427
So the richness of the electromagnetic spectrum delivered to us by objects and phenomena in the universe is modern astrophysics.
428
Modern astrophysics.
429
Yes.
430
Which, by the way, when I first saw Star Trek Next Generation and I saw Geordi LaForge, I was like, now, of course, they're going to mess up the black man.
431
He can't even see.
432
He's walking around with a visor.
433
Like, look like a grill of a Cadillac on his face.
434
How messed up is that?
435
Until I found out that his visor could see in every part of the spectrum.
436
Correct.
437
My boy could see everything.
438
He could see everything.
439
Everything.
440
Yeah, now you want to see it all at once you
441
want to be able to tune it otherwise would just be it's noise
442
If you tune to for example to microwaves right then everyone's
443
cell phone would be lit up all the cell phone towers
444
would be lit up Right you'd be talking to someone conversations in the air But yeah, well you have to be where they are where it hits you right where it's right
445
and you'd see conversation coming at coming at you Yeah, yeah, yeah, that'd be cool.
446
Yeah, no actually no you wouldn't see it coming at you Okay, because that means you'd be able to see it before the speed of light got it to you Oh, snap!
447
Look at that!
448
That's right, you can only see it on the visor.
449
On the visor.
450
Oh, man, that's so cool.
451
Yep.
452
Love it.
453
There it is.
454
That's wavelengths and photons.
455
And all of these are photons, by the way.
456
Yes, exactly.
457
And depending on how you measure it, it'll be a wave or a particle.
458
That's the duality.
459
Right.
460
I can be whatever I want, Dad.
461
Last point.
462
Radio telescopes?
463
Yes.
464
If your wavelength is this big?
465
Mm-hmm.
466
The shape of your dish doesn't have to be all...
467
You could have, like, segments.
468
You could...
469
Because the wave doesn't know anything smaller than it.
470
Exactly.
471
Oh, another one.
472
Electrons.
473
Yes.
474
You can warm up electrons so that they have a wavelength equal to x-rays.
475
Okay?
476
Wave-particle duality.
477
Okay?
478
Okay.
479
In fact, that's how x-rays are generated in x-ray machines.
480
In x-ray machines.
481
In the hospital.
482
Okay?
483
There's an electron source.
484
Okay, no, wait, but that's not what...
485
Hey, stop!
486
Go ahead.
487
All right, go ahead.
488
If I want to see detail in a microscope, okay?
489
Right.
490
And I can see, oh, there's the paramecium or the thing.
491
And the reason why I can see it is I'm using visible light, which is a wavelength much smaller than the thing I'm looking at.
492
Much smaller.
493
So many wavelengths of light span the thing I'm looking at, So I can get detail,
494
commensurate with the wavelength of light I'm using.
495
But now suppose I want to look at, suppose it has hairs on the side that are this thin.
496
I'm not going to see it.
497
No, you can't.
498
If my waves in the microscope are bigger than the hair.
499
Are bigger than the thing that I'm observing.
500
But do you know what has smaller wavelength than visible light?
501
Oh, x-rays.
502
X-rays.
503
That's right. Of course.
504
So I make a scanning electron microscope that uses x-rays to image the object
505
and x-rays are way smaller wavelengths enabling you to see detail Unimagined at the regular microscope scale because it's only hitting
506
One part of the thing that you're observing and then you can then multiple wavelengths can can flesh that out right?
507
And you can see things put it all together and make a picture and make a picture Damn.
508
So the highest resolution pictures use the smallest wavelengths.
509
We are badass on this electromagnetic spectrum and it is fundamentally with us in modern civilization.
510
Amazing.
511
Amazing.
512
And I- We cannot imagine civilization without it.
513
That's not- What?
514
How could you not like science?
515
Okay.
516
What is wrong with you?
517
Chuck blew a gasket.
518
Like, do you not see how awesome this stuff is, man?
519
We need to end this right now.
520
It's amazing!
521
Like there are people devoting their lives to just finding out!
522
Tune back in next time when Chuck has calmed down to pick up the next explainer on StarTalk.
523
Keep looking up.
524
Thank you.
📺 Même chaîne
B25
The Missions Bringing Us Back to the Moon
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
How to Tell What’s Real Online
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1We’re Getting Closer to Discovering Why There’s A Universe At All
University StudentsWorking Adults
C12
My thoughts on the first round of UFO files
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
Why Do We Exist? With Hakeem Oluseyi
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
Two Astrophysicists Debate Free Will
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1Steven Spielberg Believes in Aliens
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ Vidéo recommandée
C158
66 phrases
What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
155 phrases
Let There Be Light: Maxwell's Equation EXPLAINED for BEGINNERS
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
39 phrases
Why Walls STOP Light Waves But Not Radio Waves?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
101 phrases
The Most Extreme Explosion in the Universe
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
249 phrases
The Speed of Light Isn't a Limit. It's a Converter
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
73 phrases
Superfluid Dark Matter
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
215 phrases
Joe & Matt Walsh Go Back and Forth on the Moon Landing Conspiracy
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
28 phrases
Neil deGrasse Tyson: Isaac Newton is #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
233 phrases
Are we WRONG about most FAMOUS LINGUISTICS experiment??
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C12
47 phrases
We Found Galaxies Too Old for the Universe
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
146 phrases
The Most Complex Language in the World
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1552 phrases
The Professor Who Taught People How To Think (1962)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Neil’s Most Important Explainer Ever ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : wavelength, microwave, color, wave, ray. Cette vidéo contient 524 phrases et 3757 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 22:42. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 166 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| wavelength nom | /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/ | longueur d'onde |
| microwave nom | /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/ | micro-onde |
| absorb verbe | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorber |
| thermometer nom | /θɚˈmɑ.mɪ.tɚ/ | thermomètre |
| infrared adjectif | /ˌɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/ | infrarouge |
| electromagnetic adjectif | /ɪˌlɛk.tɹoʊ.mæɡˈnɛ.tɪk/ | électromagnétique |
| molecule nom | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | molécule |
| particle nom | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | particule |
| magnetism nom | /ˈmæɡ.nəˌtɪz.əm/ | magnétisme |
| ultraviolet adjectif | /ˌʌltɹəˈvaɪələt/ | ultraviolet |
| gamma nom | /ˈɡæ.mə/ | gamma |
| detector nom | /dɪˈtɛktə(ɹ)/ | détecteur |
| antenna nom | /ænˈtɛn.ə/ | antenne |
| visor nom | /ˈvaɪzɚ/ | visière |
| microscope nom | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | microscope |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir | |
| go ahead verbe | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | vas-y, allez-y |
| go up verbe | monter, s'élever | |
| heat up verbe | chauffer | |
| mess up verbe | gâcher | |
| pass through verbe | traverser | |
| come back verbe | revenir | |
| come out verbe | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | sortir |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Because how do you measure someone's thoughts?
- Why am I so attracted to you, girl?
- What's up my brother?
- If your wavelength is this big?
- How could you not like science?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is also made · was done · was read |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who are · light, which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 88 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, I'm, they're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: wavelength /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/, thermometer /θɚˈmɑ.mɪ.tɚ/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən/, gosh /ɡɑːʃ/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: thermometer /θɚˈmɑ.mɪ.tɚ/, electromagnetic /ɪˌlɛk.tɹoʊ.mæɡˈnɛ.tɪk/, magnetism /ˈmæɡ.nəˌtɪz.əm/, ultraviolet /ˌʌltɹəˈvaɪələt/, electromagnetism /ɪˌlɛk.tɹəʊˈmæɡ.nəˌtɪzm̩/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hostile /ˈhɑstəl/, harness /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/, humour /ˈhjuːmɚ/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: gotcha /ˈɡɑ.tʃə/, leakage /ˈliːkɪd͡ʒ/, richness /ˈɹɪt͡ʃnəs/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: microwave /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, infrared /ˌɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/, electromagnetic /ɪˌlɛk.tɹoʊ.mæɡˈnɛ.tɪk/, particle /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme wavelength, microwave, absorb.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.