Pratique du Shadowing: This Is Boring But It Will Make You Scary Intelligent - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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People say AI is turning us into the stupidest generation in history.
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I don't buy it.
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The real danger is what I call the crisis of critical thinking.
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Because in the age of AI, anything can be faked.
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And a lie looks exactly like the truth.
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That's where we need critical thinking.
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For those of you who are new here, I trained as a monk and then went to MIT,
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and then spent many years running and advising companies as a CEO, as a board member.
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And one thing I've learned is this, when machines can outsmart all of us, the only ability that will matter is your own judgment.
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So in this video, we'll cover five distortions that hijack your judgment every day,
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and one simple tool in each case to improve how to think more clearly.
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Learn to see all five, and you'll feel like a genius catching what everyone else is missing.
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Let's start our story with one of the most expensive phone calls ever.
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In January of 2024, an employee working in the finance department at the Hong Kong
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company called Aroop got a message from his CFO about transferring $25 million.
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And he thought it smelled fishy.
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So the employee asked the CEO to get on a video call to confirm it.
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All right, no problem.
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The CFO got on a video conference along with a few team members
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and they walked the finance employee to a Step-by-step process to
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transfer the money now the employee was super proud of himself
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because he insisted on In-person instructions from his CFO on a video conference
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So he transferred the money and days later he
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and his company found out that every person on that call was a deep fake.
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A deep fake is a fake video or voice made by AI to look and sound exactly like the real person.
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The faces, the voices, all of it was generated by AI from clips of the CFO scraped from the internet.
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And of course, the money was gone forever.
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This is a true story.
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This is the world we live in right now.
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You know, we've all heard that saying, finding the needle in in a haystack.
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But now you have to find the real needle from the haystack of fake needles that look exactly like the real one.
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And this is exactly where critical thinking comes in handy.
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And by the way, if you want one idea every week that helps you think more critically, please subscribe to my newsletter.
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Every Tuesday, one insight, one tool, one practice.
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Link is below.
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It's totally free.
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What makes it hard to find that real needle are five distortions.
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Three of those distortions come from the outside.
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I call them the asks.
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We spell it A-S-C, and it sounds like ask because that's the whole point.
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Let's start with the first test, authority, because that's the force that can fool the smartest people in the room, a question that nobody asks.
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Some of the smartest investors threw hundreds of millions of dollars at a company called Theranos, but forgot to ask one very important question.
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Theranos was hailed as one of the pioneering companies that could run hundreds of blood tests on a single drop of blood.
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All the tests that would typically require someone poking your arm with a needle and taking several tubes of blood.
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It was a brilliant idea.
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The company raised 700 million dollars from marquee investors.
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The company was valued at $9 billion at its peak.
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The founder and CEO of the company was Elizabeth Holmes.
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And she was such a dynamic and charismatic woman.
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She dropped out of Stanford at the age of 19.
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And she would work 20-hour days.
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And she wore a black turtleneck, just like Steve Jobs.
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And she had a deep, baritone voice.
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She talked like this all the time.
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And people noticed that she barely blinked when she was giving answers.
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I can't do that.
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She had a sense of a noble purpose, and for 12 years she kept the technology secret.
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She was running a medical devices company that felt like a tech company from Silicon Valley.
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Except that none of it was true.
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The core technology had never worked as promised.
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When a Wall Street Journal article cracked the facade open,
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it turned out the miracle machine was just a box that couldn't do anything she had promised.
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And eventually the company collapsed and Elizabeth Holmes was sentenced to 11 years in prison.
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That's where she is right now.
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So how does that happen?
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How do the sharpest people in finance skip the basics?
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Let's look at three signs where critical thinking would have saved the investors.
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First, the halo effect.
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Theranos had one of the most impressive boards on the planet.
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Two former secretaries of state, a retired four-star general, and former CEOs from major companies.
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Brilliant people, powerful people, influential people.
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But did they know anything about blood chemistry or medical devices?
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Absolutely not.
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But nobody asked.
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Second, the FOMO.
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Nobody wanted to miss the next Nvidia or Apple or Google.
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And Elizabeth Holmes made the investors feel like the train was leaving the station all the time.
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Nobody asked.
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And third, the veil of secrecy.
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A reporter asked Holmes six times how the company's technology actually worked, and he never got a straight answer.
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She said, a chemistry is performed so that a chemical reaction occurs and generates a signal which is translated into a result.
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That meant almost nothing.
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Could a real medical breakthrough meant to diagnose your health ever avoid any scrutiny at all?
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Absolutely not.
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But nobody asked.
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And that story keeps repeating itself.
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Enron, FTX, WeWork, the 2008 financial crisis.
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In every single one of those cases, people replace their own judgment and let the charisma,
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the credentials and the confidence of others distort their reality.
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And the key takeaway action item here is pretty simple.
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The first skill about critical thinking is just asking a simple disarming question that nobody else has bothered to ask.
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What needs to be true for this to be real?
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That's the question.
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This is where AI can help too by the way, but only if you use it correctly.
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So, if someone makes an impressive claim, go back to AI and ask, show me the evidence that supports the claim.
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Show me all the evidence that challenges it.
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What needs to be true for this to be real?
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Theranos was a $9 billion failure of critical thinking.
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An expensive lesson in bad judgment.
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But the same magic tricks are played by lawyers and marketers every single day all around us.
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That's where we go next.
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To the land of true lies.
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You know, big companies don't lie to you anymore.
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They don't have to.
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They have something better.
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The smartest companies on earth have mastered one dark art.
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How to create true lies.
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Start with the phone that's in your hand.
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Now, I really like Apple products, so I'm not dissing on them.
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But if you watch how Apple talks about their products when they launch them, it's a masterclass of marketing gymnastics.
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Today, we're raising the bar with an all-new iPhone that is unlike anything we have created.
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You know, when you listen to that line carefully, you realize that they didn't say anything.
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All they said was, we've created something new that we hadn't created before.
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Well, that's what new means.
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Those are just word noodles.
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Perfectly edible, but if you were a critical thinker, you won't be able to digest them.
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Here are some verbal tricks.
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One trick is up to.
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The company will say the battery can last up to 36 hours.
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That's exactly like me saying this video will have up to 1 billion views.
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If only 12 of you show up, well I still told the truth.
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Another trick is as low as.
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A credit card company will offer you as low as 0% interest as long as you qualify perfectly and behave perfectly.
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Miss once and it's 24% compounding every month on everything.
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Another trick is the phrase starting at.
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At the time I am recording this, the Tesla Model 3 is starting at $37,000 in the US.
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But if you want all-wheel drive, well that's actually $47,000.
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Want faster acceleration? $55,000.
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Oh you want the self-driving activated?
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Well that's extra $1,200 per year, forever.
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Everything we hear is is lawyered up, sanitized, manicured, curated, brilliantly engineered, true lies.
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So here's one actionable move.
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And it works on everything.
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I call it the question mark move.
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It has two steps.
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First, train your ear for the shiny words, the word tricks that we talked about.
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They're just empty calories.
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Up to, starting at, clinically proven, recommended by experts.
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Second, when you hear one of those phrases, repeat that claim in your head with a question mark at the end.
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So when you hear up to eight times faster, change that to up to eight times faster?
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What does that even mean exactly?
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Faster than what?
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Once you start thinking about it, once you start cutting through these true lies, you'll start seeing critical gaps between the promise and the product.
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Now, the next skill is trickier.
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Creating a gap between what they're selling and what you're willing to buy.
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Let's go there next to see what everybody knows.
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Group thing stops you from thinking on your own.
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There is a famous experiment where researchers brought one real participant into a room with seven others already sitting in there.
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Everyone was shown one line and then three other comparison lines.
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And everyone was asked which comparison line matched the first one.
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The answer was obvious.
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There was no optical illusion.
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There was no trick.
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Only one of those three lines matched the original one.
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But one by one, the seven people gave the wrong answer.
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The eighth person, who was the participant, ended up giving the wrong answer too.
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The experiment went on for a long time.
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Three out of every four participants went along with the wrong group answer.
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But here's what the participants didn't know.
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Those seven who were sitting there were hired actors.
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They were told to give the wrong answer, confidently.
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The experiment was never about the lines.
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It was about whether a room full of confident people could make you sway your own judgment on something so obvious.
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And later on the participants themselves confessed that they had known the right answer all along.
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They just couldn't stand to be the only one in the room with a different viewpoint.
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When everyone around you believes something to be true, you stop asking for proof.
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Because a thousand people can't all be wrong, can they?
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Turns out they can be.
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It happens all the time.
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Massive crowds can believe in things with no basis at all.
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The Salem witch trial, the tulip mania, the bank run during the Great Depression, the dot-com frenzy.
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The wisdom of the crowd is a real concept.
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But so is mass hysteria and groupthink.
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And here is another surprise from the same experiment.
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When just one of those actors started giving the correct answer, most participants also started giving the correct answer.
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It just took one person to disagree.
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That's all.
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So the action item is this.
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When everyone around you agrees, go find that person who disagrees.
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Now, how do you break that spell in the age of AI?
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Well, when everyone around you agrees, make AI your voice of dissent, your devil's advocate.
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Tell it to give you an opposite argument.
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Make the strongest case that this consensus is wrong.
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And by the way, you don't have to become the person who doubts everything.
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Just remember that a thousand people believing in something doesn't automatically make it true.
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Those were the three outside distortions.
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But we are in an age where AI is the biggest generator of ideas and biggest generator of distortions.
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So let's go see what AI knows.
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MIT researchers asked people to write essays in two ways.
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One group used their own brain and outside research and the other used chat GPT.
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The brains of chat GPT users showed the least amount of brain activity compared to the other group.
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In just minutes after both groups finished, they were asked to quote at least one line from what they had written.
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The ChatGPT group couldn't quote a single line of what they had just created.
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You know, AI tools give us an easy and powerful way to create infinite content.
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Instead of thinking creatively or thinking critically, we outsource all of it to AI.
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So in those kind of situations, I have a simple solution.
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When I'm working with AI, I use two lines way more often than anything else in the prompt.
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Be precise and please verify.
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I even take the output from ChatGPT, for example, to Claude or Gemini to verify it.
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Ask one of your AI engines to review the other one's work.
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They're just mathematical beings and it is your job to constantly verify their output.
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And now we go to the fifth and the most difficult
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critical thinking skill fighting what you want to be true there is one source
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that you will never fact check
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because you trusted completely yourself we don't lie to ourselves on purpose we just want something to be true
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so badly enough
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so we stop checking years ago i had these two friends
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one day the male friend of mine sat me down over coffee
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and told me how deeply he was in love with my woman friend
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and from that day on he would not stop talking about her he truly believed
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that they were made for each other one day i gave up
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and i finally had a heart-to-heart conversation with her
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and i told her everything
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that i had heard i told her how deeply this guy was in love with her
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and i confessed to her that i hadn't seen such devotion anywhere else in my life
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and she He smiled and said something that I have remembered to this day.
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His love for me is not enough of a reason for me to fall in love with him.
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That was very wise.
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Now what does this have to do with critical thinking?
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It's got everything to do with critical thinking because we want something to be true just because we want it so deeply.
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But that doesn't make it true.
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We all get stuck in our own self-deception.
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We believe in what we want to believe.
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The most important question for the critical thinker is this, what am I refusing to see because I need this story to be true.
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Today what's real and what's fake, what matters and what doesn't,
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it's all stirred together so completely that you can barely tell it apart.
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And when the world gets this foggy, your judgment becomes that much more crucial.
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I think the answer lies in staying close to reality and investing in your own judgement,
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in your own critical skills.
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That's what this video was about.
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And sure, the fog won't lift anytime soon and it is hard to see at a distance.
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But that doesn't mean that you're lost.
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It just means you have to drive slower.
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The road can be long and it can wind, but it still leads you home.
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Always.
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I'll see you next week.
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Thank you and I love you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « This Is Boring But It Will Make You Scary Intelligent ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : critical, thinking, answer. Cette vidéo contient 237 phrases et 2592 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 17:02. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 152 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| participant nom | /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/ | participant, participante |
| distortion nom | /dɪsˈtɔːʃən/ | distorsion |
| needle nom | /ˈniː.dəl/ | aiguille |
| investor nom | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | investisseur, investisseuse |
| verify verbe | /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/ | vérifier |
| haystack nom | /ˈheɪˌstæk/ | meule de foin |
| thinker nom | /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/ | penseur, penseuse |
| confess verbe | /kənˈfɛs/ | avouer, confesser |
| researcher nom | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | chercheur, chercheuse |
| generator nom | /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ | générateur, générateur électrique |
| disagree verbe | /dɪsəˈɡɹi/ | ne pas être d'accord, être en désaccord |
| actionable adjectif | /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/ | concret |
| baritone nom | /ˈbæɹ.ɪ.toʊn/ | baryton |
| brilliantly adverbe | brillamment | |
| charisma nom | /kəˈɹɪzmə/ | charisme |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir |
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
| give up verbe | se rendre |
| show up verbe | apparaître, se montrer se pointer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- That's where we need critical thinking.
- That's where we go next.
- You know, big companies don't lie to you anymore.
- Start with the phone that's in your hand.
- Let's go there next to see what everybody knows.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | can be faked · was generated · was hailed |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | I've learned · has bothered · have mastered |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | signal which is · person who disagrees · person who doubts |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 35 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, doesn't, couldn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/, groupthink /ˈɡɹuːpθɪŋk/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, eighth /eɪtθ/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: distortion /dɪsˈtɔːʃən/, actionable /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/, credential /kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/, deception /dɪˈsɛpʃən/, devotion /dɪˈvoʊʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, critically /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kə.li/, generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, actionable /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/, charismatic /ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: haystack /ˈheɪˌstæk/, hijack /ˈhaɪ.d͡ʒæk/, hysteria /hɪˈstɛɹiə/, hail /heɪl/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, hijack /ˈhaɪ.d͡ʒæk/, gymnastics /d͡ʒɪmˈnæs.tɪks/, digest /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/, critically /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kə.li/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme participant, distortion, needle.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.