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People say AI is turning us into the stupidest generation in history.

I don't buy it.

The real danger is what I call the crisis of critical thinking.

Because in the age of AI, anything can be faked.

And a lie looks exactly like the truth.

That's where we need critical thinking.

For those of you who are new here, I trained as a monk and then went to MIT,

and then spent many years running and advising companies as a CEO, as a board member.

And one thing I've learned is this, when machines can outsmart all of us, the only ability that will matter is your own judgment.

So in this video, we'll cover five distortions that hijack your judgment every day,

and one simple tool in each case to improve how to think more clearly.

Learn to see all five, and you'll feel like a genius catching what everyone else is missing.

Let's start our story with one of the most expensive phone calls ever.

In January of 2024, an employee working in the finance department at the Hong Kong

company called Aroop got a message from his CFO about transferring $25 million.

And he thought it smelled fishy.

So the employee asked the CEO to get on a video call to confirm it.

All right, no problem.

The CFO got on a video conference along with a few team members

and they walked the finance employee to a Step-by-step process to

transfer the money now the employee was super proud of himself

because he insisted on In-person instructions from his CFO on a video conference

So he transferred the money and days later he

and his company found out that every person on that call was a deep fake.

A deep fake is a fake video or voice made by AI to look and sound exactly like the real person.

The faces, the voices, all of it was generated by AI from clips of the CFO scraped from the internet.

And of course, the money was gone forever.

This is a true story.

This is the world we live in right now.

You know, we've all heard that saying, finding the needle in in a haystack.

But now you have to find the real needle from the haystack of fake needles that look exactly like the real one.

And this is exactly where critical thinking comes in handy.

And by the way, if you want one idea every week that helps you think more critically, please subscribe to my newsletter.

Every Tuesday, one insight, one tool, one practice.

Link is below.

It's totally free.

What makes it hard to find that real needle are five distortions.

Three of those distortions come from the outside.

I call them the asks.

We spell it A-S-C, and it sounds like ask because that's the whole point.

Let's start with the first test, authority, because that's the force that can fool the smartest people in the room, a question that nobody asks.

Some of the smartest investors threw hundreds of millions of dollars at a company called Theranos, but forgot to ask one very important question.

Theranos was hailed as one of the pioneering companies that could run hundreds of blood tests on a single drop of blood.

All the tests that would typically require someone poking your arm with a needle and taking several tubes of blood.

It was a brilliant idea.

The company raised 700 million dollars from marquee investors.

The company was valued at $9 billion at its peak.

The founder and CEO of the company was Elizabeth Holmes.

And she was such a dynamic and charismatic woman.

She dropped out of Stanford at the age of 19.

And she would work 20-hour days.

And she wore a black turtleneck, just like Steve Jobs.

And she had a deep, baritone voice.

She talked like this all the time.

And people noticed that she barely blinked when she was giving answers.

I can't do that.

She had a sense of a noble purpose, and for 12 years she kept the technology secret.

She was running a medical devices company that felt like a tech company from Silicon Valley.

Except that none of it was true.

The core technology had never worked as promised.

When a Wall Street Journal article cracked the facade open,

it turned out the miracle machine was just a box that couldn't do anything she had promised.

And eventually the company collapsed and Elizabeth Holmes was sentenced to 11 years in prison.

That's where she is right now.

So how does that happen?

How do the sharpest people in finance skip the basics?

Let's look at three signs where critical thinking would have saved the investors.

First, the halo effect.

Theranos had one of the most impressive boards on the planet.

Two former secretaries of state, a retired four-star general, and former CEOs from major companies.

Brilliant people, powerful people, influential people.

But did they know anything about blood chemistry or medical devices?

Absolutely not.

But nobody asked.

Second, the FOMO.

Nobody wanted to miss the next Nvidia or Apple or Google.

And Elizabeth Holmes made the investors feel like the train was leaving the station all the time.

Nobody asked.

And third, the veil of secrecy.

A reporter asked Holmes six times how the company's technology actually worked, and he never got a straight answer.

She said, a chemistry is performed so that a chemical reaction occurs and generates a signal which is translated into a result.

That meant almost nothing.

Could a real medical breakthrough meant to diagnose your health ever avoid any scrutiny at all?

Absolutely not.

But nobody asked.

And that story keeps repeating itself.

Enron, FTX, WeWork, the 2008 financial crisis.

In every single one of those cases, people replace their own judgment and let the charisma,

the credentials and the confidence of others distort their reality.

And the key takeaway action item here is pretty simple.

The first skill about critical thinking is just asking a simple disarming question that nobody else has bothered to ask.

What needs to be true for this to be real?

That's the question.

This is where AI can help too by the way, but only if you use it correctly.

So, if someone makes an impressive claim, go back to AI and ask, show me the evidence that supports the claim.

Show me all the evidence that challenges it.

What needs to be true for this to be real?

Theranos was a $9 billion failure of critical thinking.

An expensive lesson in bad judgment.

100

But the same magic tricks are played by lawyers and marketers every single day all around us.

101

That's where we go next.

102

To the land of true lies.

103

You know, big companies don't lie to you anymore.

104

They don't have to.

105

They have something better.

106

The smartest companies on earth have mastered one dark art.

107

How to create true lies.

108

Start with the phone that's in your hand.

109

Now, I really like Apple products, so I'm not dissing on them.

110

But if you watch how Apple talks about their products when they launch them, it's a masterclass of marketing gymnastics.

111

Today, we're raising the bar with an all-new iPhone that is unlike anything we have created.

112

You know, when you listen to that line carefully, you realize that they didn't say anything.

113

All they said was, we've created something new that we hadn't created before.

114

Well, that's what new means.

115

Those are just word noodles.

116

Perfectly edible, but if you were a critical thinker, you won't be able to digest them.

117

Here are some verbal tricks.

118

One trick is up to.

119

The company will say the battery can last up to 36 hours.

120

That's exactly like me saying this video will have up to 1 billion views.

121

If only 12 of you show up, well I still told the truth.

122

Another trick is as low as.

123

A credit card company will offer you as low as 0% interest as long as you qualify perfectly and behave perfectly.

124

Miss once and it's 24% compounding every month on everything.

125

Another trick is the phrase starting at.

126

At the time I am recording this, the Tesla Model 3 is starting at $37,000 in the US.

127

But if you want all-wheel drive, well that's actually $47,000.

128

Want faster acceleration? $55,000.

129

Oh you want the self-driving activated?

130

Well that's extra $1,200 per year, forever.

131

Everything we hear is is lawyered up, sanitized, manicured, curated, brilliantly engineered, true lies.

132

So here's one actionable move.

133

And it works on everything.

134

I call it the question mark move.

135

It has two steps.

136

First, train your ear for the shiny words, the word tricks that we talked about.

137

They're just empty calories.

138

Up to, starting at, clinically proven, recommended by experts.

139

Second, when you hear one of those phrases, repeat that claim in your head with a question mark at the end.

140

So when you hear up to eight times faster, change that to up to eight times faster?

141

What does that even mean exactly?

142

Faster than what?

143

Once you start thinking about it, once you start cutting through these true lies, you'll start seeing critical gaps between the promise and the product.

144

Now, the next skill is trickier.

145

Creating a gap between what they're selling and what you're willing to buy.

146

Let's go there next to see what everybody knows.

147

Group thing stops you from thinking on your own.

148

There is a famous experiment where researchers brought one real participant into a room with seven others already sitting in there.

149

Everyone was shown one line and then three other comparison lines.

150

And everyone was asked which comparison line matched the first one.

151

The answer was obvious.

152

There was no optical illusion.

153

There was no trick.

154

Only one of those three lines matched the original one.

155

But one by one, the seven people gave the wrong answer.

156

The eighth person, who was the participant, ended up giving the wrong answer too.

157

The experiment went on for a long time.

158

Three out of every four participants went along with the wrong group answer.

159

But here's what the participants didn't know.

160

Those seven who were sitting there were hired actors.

161

They were told to give the wrong answer, confidently.

162

The experiment was never about the lines.

163

It was about whether a room full of confident people could make you sway your own judgment on something so obvious.

164

And later on the participants themselves confessed that they had known the right answer all along.

165

They just couldn't stand to be the only one in the room with a different viewpoint.

166

When everyone around you believes something to be true, you stop asking for proof.

167

Because a thousand people can't all be wrong, can they?

168

Turns out they can be.

169

It happens all the time.

170

Massive crowds can believe in things with no basis at all.

171

The Salem witch trial, the tulip mania, the bank run during the Great Depression, the dot-com frenzy.

172

The wisdom of the crowd is a real concept.

173

But so is mass hysteria and groupthink.

174

And here is another surprise from the same experiment.

175

When just one of those actors started giving the correct answer, most participants also started giving the correct answer.

176

It just took one person to disagree.

177

That's all.

178

So the action item is this.

179

When everyone around you agrees, go find that person who disagrees.

180

Now, how do you break that spell in the age of AI?

181

Well, when everyone around you agrees, make AI your voice of dissent, your devil's advocate.

182

Tell it to give you an opposite argument.

183

Make the strongest case that this consensus is wrong.

184

And by the way, you don't have to become the person who doubts everything.

185

Just remember that a thousand people believing in something doesn't automatically make it true.

186

Those were the three outside distortions.

187

But we are in an age where AI is the biggest generator of ideas and biggest generator of distortions.

188

So let's go see what AI knows.

189

MIT researchers asked people to write essays in two ways.

190

One group used their own brain and outside research and the other used chat GPT.

191

The brains of chat GPT users showed the least amount of brain activity compared to the other group.

192

In just minutes after both groups finished, they were asked to quote at least one line from what they had written.

193

The ChatGPT group couldn't quote a single line of what they had just created.

194

You know, AI tools give us an easy and powerful way to create infinite content.

195

Instead of thinking creatively or thinking critically, we outsource all of it to AI.

196

So in those kind of situations, I have a simple solution.

197

When I'm working with AI, I use two lines way more often than anything else in the prompt.

198

Be precise and please verify.

199

I even take the output from ChatGPT, for example, to Claude or Gemini to verify it.

200

Ask one of your AI engines to review the other one's work.

201

They're just mathematical beings and it is your job to constantly verify their output.

202

And now we go to the fifth and the most difficult

203

critical thinking skill fighting what you want to be true there is one source

204

that you will never fact check

205

because you trusted completely yourself we don't lie to ourselves on purpose we just want something to be true

206

so badly enough

207

so we stop checking years ago i had these two friends

208

one day the male friend of mine sat me down over coffee

209

and told me how deeply he was in love with my woman friend

210

and from that day on he would not stop talking about her he truly believed

211

that they were made for each other one day i gave up

212

and i finally had a heart-to-heart conversation with her

213

and i told her everything

214

that i had heard i told her how deeply this guy was in love with her

215

and i confessed to her that i hadn't seen such devotion anywhere else in my life

216

and she He smiled and said something that I have remembered to this day.

217

His love for me is not enough of a reason for me to fall in love with him.

218

That was very wise.

219

Now what does this have to do with critical thinking?

220

It's got everything to do with critical thinking because we want something to be true just because we want it so deeply.

221

But that doesn't make it true.

222

We all get stuck in our own self-deception.

223

We believe in what we want to believe.

224

The most important question for the critical thinker is this, what am I refusing to see because I need this story to be true.

225

Today what's real and what's fake, what matters and what doesn't,

226

it's all stirred together so completely that you can barely tell it apart.

227

And when the world gets this foggy, your judgment becomes that much more crucial.

228

I think the answer lies in staying close to reality and investing in your own judgement,

229

in your own critical skills.

230

That's what this video was about.

231

And sure, the fog won't lift anytime soon and it is hard to see at a distance.

232

But that doesn't mean that you're lost.

233

It just means you have to drive slower.

234

The road can be long and it can wind, but it still leads you home.

235

Always.

236

I'll see you next week.

237

Thank you and I love you.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «This Is Boring But It Will Make You Scary Intelligent». Чаще всего повторяются слова: critical, thinking, answer. В этом видео 237 предложений и 2592 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 17:02. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 152 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 85% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
participant существительное	/pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/	уча́стник, уча́стница
distortion существительное	/dɪsˈtɔːʃən/	искаже́ние, искривле́ние
needle существительное	/ˈniː.dəl/	игла́, иго́лка
investor существительное	/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/	инве́стор, вкла́дчик
verify глагол	/ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/	дока́зывать, доказа́ть
haystack существительное	/ˈheɪˌstæk/	стог, стог се́на
thinker существительное	/ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/	мысли́тель, мысли́тельница
confess глагол	/kənˈfɛs/	созна́ться, призна́ться
critically наречие	/ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kə.li/	крити́чно
researcher существительное	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	иссле́дователь, иссле́довательница
generator существительное	/ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/	генера́тор
disagree глагол	/dɪsəˈɡɹi/	не соглаша́ться
baritone существительное	/ˈbæɹ.ɪ.toʊn/	барито́н
charisma существительное	/kəˈɹɪzmə/	хари́зма, обая́ние
charismatic прилагательное	/ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/	харизмати́ческий, харизмати́чный

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
turn out глагол	ока́зываться, оказа́ться
end up глагол	зака́нчиваться, зако́нчиться
find out глагол	узнава́ть, узна́ть
give up глагол	сдава́ться, сда́ться
show up глагол	объявля́ться, объяви́ться

Фразы, которые стоит повторять

Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:

That's where we need critical thinking.
That's where we go next.
You know, big companies don't lie to you anymore.
Start with the phone that's in your hand.
Let's go there next to see what everybody knows.

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	can be faked · was generated · was hailed
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	I've learned · has bothered · have mastered
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	signal which is · person who disagrees · person who doubts

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 35 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, doesn't, couldn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/, groupthink /ˈɡɹuːpθɪŋk/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, eighth /eɪtθ/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: distortion /dɪsˈtɔːʃən/, actionable /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/, credential /kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/, deception /dɪˈsɛpʃən/, devotion /dɪˈvoʊʃən/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, critically /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kə.li/, generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, actionable /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/, charismatic /ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: takeaway /ˈteɪkəweɪ/, sway /ˈsweɪ̯/, qualify /ˈkwɑ.lɪ.faɪ/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: haystack /ˈheɪˌstæk/, hijack /ˈhaɪ.d͡ʒæk/, hysteria /hɪˈstɛɹiə/, hail /heɪl/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: facade /fəˈsɑ(ː)d/, sanitize /ˈsænətaɪz/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как participant, distortion, needle.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

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