Shadowing Practice: 10 Wilderness Survival Tips in 10 Minutes - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
183 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
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Welcome back to another episode of the 10 in 10 series,
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where we do 10 survival tips in 10 minutes.
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Let's go!
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Chewing gum.
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Not something you really think of when packing your backpack with camping and survival gear,
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but it does have a few uses which might just help you out in the wilderness.
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If you use a tarp or a tent regularly in the woods,
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at some stage you might end up getting a hole in it.
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If you have some gum,
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chew on it to soften it up,
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and use this to seal the hole.
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Once dried, it sets fairly hard and will help you to seal up most small holes.
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Be sure to seal it up from both sides.
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Another way of sealing a hole in a tarp is to use paracord.
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Pull the cord through the hole and leave roughly an inch and a half of the tag end.
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Then use a lighter to light the end of the cord.
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Use your knife to help prevent the heat from the flame from melting other holes in your tarp.
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As the cord burns down,
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quickly roll the flat of your knife over the flame to extinguish it,
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and compress the melted material onto the hole.
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It should set within a few seconds and create a fast seal on your tarp or tent.
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Be very careful doing this,
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as some tent and tarp materials are flammable,
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so be sure to check first if you need to use this method.
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The chewing gum method is far safer,
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and it can be removed when you get back home.
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If you find that your chewing gum has a shiny outer layer of paper, you're in luck.
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Unfold the paper and cut it into four strips,
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making sure that these strips are shaped like an hourglass.
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These four strips are four opportunities for you to start a fire.
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For the next step, you will need a battery.
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The head torch I use has a AA battery in it.
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Most torches and flashlights tend to use similar batteries to this.
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This material is conductive
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and the voltage coming out of the battery is channelled into the narrow part of the paper
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and it generates a lot of heat.
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Enough heat for it to ignite.
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To get a flame,
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I put one end of the shiny side of the paper on the negative end of the battery
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and then the other end of the paper onto the positive side of the battery.
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Now, you don't have much time when lighting a fire using this method,
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and it's pretty easy to get wrong,
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which I will demonstrate here.
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In this example, the narrow part of the paper was too thin,
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and it burnt through too quickly.
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But on the second go,
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you can clearly see
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that the narrow part of the foil ignites as the two ends of the battery come into contact with it.
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The flame doesn't last too long,
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so best to be prepared with some tinder material to grow that flame into a fire.
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In this next demo, I used some dead bracken to pass on the flame from the chewing gum wrapper.
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It's not a survival skill that you will need to do often,
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but it's one of those that's always good to know how to do.
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Just be careful, batteries and flames do not mix well.
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When you need to be stealthy at night,
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the head torch can be a pretty big giveaway.
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its bright light reflecting off all manner of things and giving away your location.
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If you add a simple piece of masking tape to the front of the light,
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it will help to cut down the flare given off by it,
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and greatly reduce the reflectiveness of the beam,
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but it can still give you enough light to go about camp tasks in the dark.
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The Swiss Army knife is a pretty handy tool to have in your pocket,
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but many people often Some wonder what is the point in the corkscrew on a survival and camping utility tool?
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In previous videos I have shown it being used to make an extendable saw,
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but it can also be handy for undoing very tight knots in cordage.
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Just work the spike through the cordage until you are able to form a small loop.
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This then gives you enough room to work out any remaining loose ends of cord through this loop.
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We've all got that one lure or fish hook in the tackle box that is blunt and rusty.
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Most of the time I sharpen any fish hooks at home before I leave on a fishing trip.
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But if you're out in a wilderness fishing trip and you find yourself with a blunt hook and no sharpening stone,
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then no problem, you can actually sharpen a fishing hook with a stone from a riverbed or lake.
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Here are two different stones.
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The one on the right is jagged and rough.
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The one on the left,
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however, is relatively flat and smooth.
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The jagged stone is no use in sharpening,
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as there isn't enough smooth flat surface to run the point of the fishing hook across.
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So a flat, smooth stone is more ideal.
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Anything that is similar to the surface of a whetstone or other similar sharpening stones.
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First, rub the front tip of the hook against the stone,
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applying gentle pressure but keeping the angle the same throughout the movement.
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After 8-10 strokes, lay the hook on its side and do the same,
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keeping the top section of the tip of the point against the stone.
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Then do the same to the other side.
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So essentially you are sharpening three sides to the hook.
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You can do the underside of the point,
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but this can be tricky with a river stone and it might end up blunting it even more.
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If the hook is sharp,
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a quick test on your nail and it should be able to hold on itself if you turn your hand upside down.
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It won't get as sharp as if you were using a proper hook sharpening stone,
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but it will certainly be better than the blunt one you started out with.
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Here is a rusty double hook from a well used mackerel jig.
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The hooks are so blunt that they they can't even scratch the tip of my fingernail.
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However, a few rubs on the stone,
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changing the angle to take away material on all three sides,
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turns the hook into something usable.
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In close-up, you can see where I have sharpened it,
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as the rusty outer layer has been removed,
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revealing the shiny steel beneath.
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Now it can catch my nail easily,
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and should be sharp enough to hook a fish.
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Here is the blunt hook,
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barely scratching my nail, and here is the sharpened hook,
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catching the nail much easier.
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Many of us carry a small survival tin in our packs.
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For me, I keep a small flint and steel inside,
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a magnifying glass and a small amount of tinder.
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It's great and I use it often.
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And being made of a shining metal,
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it can be used as a signal mirror to flag for help using SOS signals.
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The pine tree has many uses.
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It is soft, light and packed full of resin,
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which makes it great for firelighting.
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The needles of a pine tree are packed full of vitamin C,
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so much so that they have five times the concentration of vitamin C found in a lemon.
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They can bring relief to conditions such as heart disease,
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varicose veins, skin complaints and fatigue.
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They are also packed full of vitamin A,
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which is good for your eyesight,
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improves hair and skin regeneration and improves red blood cell production.
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Simply put them in some freshly boiled water and let them infuse.
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You can steep them, but I find the needles can get in the way of enjoying the drink.
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I found it better to infuse them and then take the needles out.
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This is an immune system booster,
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which means that the pine needle tea can help to fight illness and infections.
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Moss can be found in most dark, shaded woodlands.
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It has many great properties that lend itself to survival.
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It has great insulation properties and can be used as a living roof material for cabins,
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it can also insulate gaps in logs to keep log cabins warm and sheltered from cold weather.
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And the most famous of all?
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You can wipe your ass with it.
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But in all seriousness, moss can retain a lot of water,
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especially after heavy rainfall.
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Even dipping it in this lake,
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you can see how it acts like a sponge and absorbs so much water.
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After it has stopped dripping and it seems like the water has gone,
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Give it a quick ring and there is still so much left.
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You can use this method to carry water with you in a survival situation.
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However, you'll need to filter the water first unless you are certain the water is drinkable.
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You can filter the water in a plastic bottle and add sand,
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charcoal, stones and moss to help filter the particles out.
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I've shown this in previous videos which I will link below.
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Water Mint Mentha aquatica Usually found near water or damp woodlands.
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It can also hybridise easily with other mints.
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A cross of water mint and spearmint produces peppermint.
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This small patch of water mint here is growing near this tiny pond in the middle of a forest.
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I happened to stumble upon it as soon as I could smell mint in the air.
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It's a great wild edible,
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and can be used as a tea for calming the nerves or stomach problems,
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just like any other mint.
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It's a great source of vitamin A,
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a fat-soluble vitamin that is critical for eye health and night vision.
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It has also been used to alleviate stomach pain and has even been used to help treat IBS.
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Greater reedmace, or cattails, are a fairly common water-based plant that grows around lakes and pond shorelines.
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The roots of the plant,
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called rhizomes, can be washed and processed down in the form of starch,
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which can be used to make flour.
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It's a fairly lengthy but satisfying process which I will show you in another video.
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The head of the plant however is easy enough to identify as it kind of looks like a sausage on a stick.
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Inside this are hundreds of thin seeds which can be fluffed up to form a tinder for firelighting.
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I am slightly too early in the season on this particular one.
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As you can see the seeds are fairly green,
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but in late summer these seeds can take a spark from a ferro rod very easily.
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It's a flash tinder though,
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so the flame will go out almost as fast as it ignites.
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Have more tinder material ready.
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It might be a bit of a last resort,
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but if needs must, you can actually use your sock to filter out mud,
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dirt and large particles from water.
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Just place the sock either over the water bottle that you are pouring with,
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or over the container you are pouring into,
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and let the sock catch the dirt.
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You need to filter it a number of times in order to get the majority of particles out of the water.
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water.
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And if you are not sure whether the water source is reliable,
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you will definitely need to boil the water before drinking it.
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And there you have it,
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10 survival tips in 10 minutes.
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Well, actually there was 12 survival tips,
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but either way, I hope you enjoyed this video and learnt something new.
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Be sure to check out the description box below where there are links to more of my survival tips videos.
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Cheers for watching, and I'll catch you in the next one.
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you
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “10 Wilderness Survival Tips in 10 Minutes”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: hook, stone, survival, flame. בסרטון הזה יש 183 משפטים ו-1993 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 10:54. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-183 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. רק 77% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| flame שם עצם | /fleɪm/ | לֶהָבָה, אֵשׁ |
| blunt שם תואר | /blʌnt/ | קֵהֶה |
| tarpaulin שם עצם | /ˈtɑːɹpəlɪn/ | בְּרֶזֶנְט |
| chew פועל | /tʃuː/ | לעס |
| mint שם עצם | /mɪnt/ | נענע, מִנְתָּה |
| vitamin שם עצם | /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ | וִיטָמִין |
| needle שם עצם | /ˈniː.dəl/ | מַחַט |
| ignite פועל | /ɪɡˈnaɪt/ | הצית, הדליק |
| sock שם עצם | /sɑk/ | גֶּרֶב, פֻּזְמָק |
| moss שם עצם | /mɔs/ | טְחָב |
| particle שם עצם | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | חֶלְקִיק, גַרגִיר |
| tent שם עצם | /tɛnt/ | אוהל, אֹהֶל |
| pine שם עצם | /paɪn/ | אורן |
| cordage שם עצם | /ˈkɔːdɪdʒ/ | חֲבָלִים |
| torch שם עצם | /ˈtɔːtʃ/ | לַפִּיד, אֲבוּקָה |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| check out פועל | בדק |
| cut down פועל | כָּרַת, חָטַב |
| go out פועל | יָצָא |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | can be removed · are shaped · is channelled |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have shown · have sharpened · has been removed |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-11 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו you're, can't, doesn't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: sharpen /ˈʃɑɹpən/, extinguish /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, flashlight /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/, freshly /ˈfɹɛʃli/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: alleviate /əˈli.vi.eɪt/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: woodland /ˈwʊd.lənd/, wilderness /ˈwɪldɚnəs/, extinguish /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, wipe /waɪp/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: jagged /ˈd͡ʒæɡɪd/, cabin /ˈkæbɪn/, scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/, bracken /ˈbɹækən/, cattail /ˈkæt.teɪl/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: sharpen /ˈʃɑɹpən/, tarpaulin /ˈtɑːɹpəlɪn/, cord /ˈkoɹd/, rusty /ˈɹʌsti/, particle /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו flame, blunt, tarpaulin.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.