Shadowing Practice: GCSE Physics - Energy Stores, Transferring Energy & Work Done - Learn English Speaking with Video
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50 משפטים
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1
The most essential thing to learn from this video is that energy is never created or destroyed.
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It's only ever transferred between different forms and objects.
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This principle underlies loads of the physics course, but today we're just going to look at the different forms that energy can take,
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how energy moves between them, and what we mean by the term work done.
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Whenever energy is transferred to an object, the energy is stored in one of that object's energy stores.
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We take a look at each of them in other videos, but to give you a basic idea, there's thermal or internal energy,
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which is basically the heat energy trapped within an object and is related to the temperature of that object.
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Kinetic energy, which is associated with the movement
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or motion of an object gravitational potential energy which is the energy
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that an object possesses
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because of its position in a gravitational field elastic potential energy
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such as the energy held in an already stretched spring chemical energy
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which is held in chemical bonds magnetic energy
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which is what holds magnets to your fridge electrostatic energy
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which is what occasionally gives you a shock when you touch your car
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and finally nuclear energy
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which is what we get from breaking atoms apart now the key idea is
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that the energy in each of these stores isn't fixed instead
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it can be transferred from one to another
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this could be done mechanically such as physically stretching an elastic
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band electrically such as plugging something into a socket – by heating,
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or by radiation, like light or sound waves.
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When we consider a particular object, or group of objects, we can call the collection of matter a system,
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which is just the fancy term that you need to use in physics.
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When the system changes, energy is transferred, either between objects, or between different forms.
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In an open system, the matter of the system can exchange energy with the so -called outside world,
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which is just all of the matter that's outside of our system.
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This means that an open system can lose or gain energy as it interacts with the outside world.
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by comparison a closed system is separate from the outside world
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so neither matter nor energy can enter or leave and
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so even though energy can be transferred within the system the overall change is always zero
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to understand how this actually works in practice let's take a look at a couple of examples
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imagine we have a kettle and we fill it with water
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when we turn it on electrical energy from the plug socket
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flows to the heating element of the kettle where it's transferred
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electrically to the thermal energy store of the kettle's heating element
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which basically means
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that the flow of electricity warms the metal heating element the heating element
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then in turn transfers the energy over to the water's thermal energy store, and after a short while we have a boiled kettle.
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Another way of saying energy transferred is work done, and there are two main types you need to know, mechanical and electrical.
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Mechanical work done involves using a force to move an object, such as kicking a ball up in the air,
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which involves energy from the chemical energy store of your leg being transferred to the kinetic energy store of the ball.
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Electrical work, on the other hand, is done when current flows.
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You can think of this as the energy required to overcome the resistance in the wires of a circuit.
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To put this into practice, imagine a train that's about to cross a broken bridge.
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In order to stop, it applies the brakes, which creates friction between the brakes and the wheels.
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We say that the friction does work as it slows the train down,
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because it causes energy in the wheels' kinetic energy stores to be transferred to the thermal energy stores of the surroundings things,
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in the form of heat, which will hopefully slow down the train.
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Anyway, that's all for today, so if you enjoyed it, then let us know down below in the comments, and we'll see you next time!
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This speaking lesson is built on the video “GCSE Physics - Energy Stores, Transferring Energy & Work Done”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: energy, object, transferred, store, heating. This video has 50 sentences and 696 words to shadow. The speech runs for 5:01. The speaker talks at a steady 139 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. 84% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| element noun | /ˈɛləmənt/ | One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based. |
| thermal adjective | /ˈθɜːməl/ | Pertaining to heat or temperature. |
| electrical adjective | /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/ | Related to electricity (or electronics) |
| kettle noun | /ˈkɛ.təl/ | A vessel for boiling a liquid or cooking food, usually metal and equipped with a lid. |
| physics noun | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy. |
| stretch verb | /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ | To lengthen by pulling. |
| mechanical adjective | /məˈkænəkəl/ | Related to mechanics (the branch of physics that deals with forces acting on matter). |
| involve verb | /ɪnˈvɑlv/ | To have (something) as a component or a related part; to comprise, to include. |
| plug noun | /plʌɡ/ | A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one. |
| brake noun | /bɹeɪk/ | A device used to slow or stop the motion of a wheel, or of a vehicle, usually by friction (although other resistive forces, such as electromagnetic fields or… |
| friction noun | /ˈfɹɪkʃən/ | The rubbing of one object or surface against another. |
| elastic adjective | /ə-/ | Capable of stretching; particularly, capable of stretching so as to return to an original shape or size when force is released. |
| socket noun | /ˈsɑkɪt/ | An opening into which a plug or other connecting part is designed to fit (e.g. a light bulb socket). |
| circuit noun | /ˈsɝ.kɪt/ | The act of moving or revolving around, or as in a circle or orbit; a revolution |
| shock noun | /ʃɔk/ | A sudden, heavy impact. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| slow down verb | To decelerate. |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is never created · is transferred · is associated |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | energy, which is · energy which is · heat, which will |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 3 contractions and reduced forms, such as isn't, we'll, we're. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/
- Long words — get the stress right: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like element, thermal, electrical.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.