Shadowing Practice: How Living Abroad Changed How I See America - Learn English Speaking with Video
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136 משפטים
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Living outside of the United States has given me an opportunity to look at my own country
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and my own culture from a different lens.
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And after spending years living between Europe and America, my perception of both has changed, I would say pretty drastically.
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Because some of the stereotypes that Europeans have about Americans are the ones that I also used to believe myself.
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Such as Americans are fake, Americans have no culture, Americans are obsessed with work, Americans don't know anything about the rest of the world.
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But the more time I've spent moving between these two places, the more differently I started to see some of these stereotypes.
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So in this video, I want to look at these stereotypes again as an American who once believed them,
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well some of them, and ask are they really true or do they look different depending on where you're standing.
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And in the next video, I'm going to flip this around and look at the stereotypes that Americans have about Europeans.
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So one of the oldest stereotypes about Americans is how little they know of the rest of the world.
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So you've seen clips on social media.
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Someone points to Australia and the American calls it Europe.
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Someone gets asked to name a country with a U and they freeze.
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They can't come up with anything.
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And then these types of clips, they spread as proof that Americans don't know geography, that we somehow don't care about other countries,
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and we think that the world ends at our borders.
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I think a lot of people forget that United States is enormous and a lot of the knowledge is based on accessibility.
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Even the American media is somewhat localized and because that is a source of knowledge for a lot of people,
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media focuses heavily on American politics, on American celebrities, American sports, and American problems.
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So a lot of the Americans are not exposed to world news.
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Then there is traveling abroad, which is a big undertaking for most Americans.
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If you live in Germany, for example, you can cross multiple countries in just a few hours.
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For example, we just took trip to Italy two weeks ago and we crossed through five countries within five hours.
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And in the USA, if you live in Texas, for example, you might drive for eight hours and you're still in the state of Texas.
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And because of this close proximity that Europeans have with other nations, other countries, they grow up surrounded by different languages,
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different countries, different political systems because geography puts those encounters into everyday life.
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Americans don't have access to that.
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But not knowing the capital of Slovenia tells us very little about someone's intelligence or curiosity.
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But at the same time, living in Europe does not automatically make someone knowledgeable about every other place either.
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Ask any of my German friends about state politics in Wisconsin
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or indigenous communities in New Mexico or the cultural difference between Mississippi and Massachusetts and similar gaps will start to appear.
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So the better question
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probably is what does your environment require you to know another stereotype
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that i used to believe myself for years was the idea
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that americans have no culture i used to say this out loud i used to believe it even more
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when i moved to germany europe had history architecture old cities
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regional traditions foods passed down from generations america still felt newer
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more commercial more manufactured europe had culture america had consumerism
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but the older i got
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and the more time i spent between these two places the less sense all of this made to me
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because what do we mean by culture
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if we mean centuries-old cathedrals royal palaces ancient villages and traditions tied to one place for hundreds of years.
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Europe obviously has something America does not.
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But culture is bigger than age.
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Jazz is American.
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Blues, rock and roll, Hollywood, Broadway, skate culture, sneaker culture,
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television, advertising, internet culture, and huge parts of global fashion all came from the United States.
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And there's no single American culture.
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Louisiana is not New England, Texas is not California, New York is not Montana.
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Black American culture, Latino culture, Native American culture, Asian American culture, Southern culture, immigrant culture.
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So for years I was judging American culture through the European definition of what culture is supposed to look like.
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A 500 year old building felt cultural.
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A music genre born in the Bronx somehow felt less so.
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A European village felt authentic.
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A diner, a basketball court, gospel church, jazz club, or a neighborhood block party felt ordinary.
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But ordinary life is where culture lives.
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Once I changed my definition, America looked completely different.
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Next stereotype says that Americans are obsessed with work.
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And for a long time, I understood why people thought that.
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Americans get far less time away from work than people in countries like Germany.
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Vacation time is shorter, sick leave is limited.
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The United States has no federal guarantee of paid vacation or paid sick leave.
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So when an American takes one major vacation a year, answers emails while they're traveling, while they're on vacation, or goes to work while they're sick,
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the conclusion seems obvious that Americans live to work, but we are confusing obsession with circumstances.
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If your job gives you two weeks of vacation instead of five or six, of course you take fewer vacations.
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If time away affects income, health insurance, or job security, work carries a lot more weight.
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Spending more time in Germany complicated my own assumptions.
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has stronger protections around vacation illness and time away from work
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so i expected german workers to seem far less stressed yet
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among my german friends i know four people who have taken extended leave
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because of burnout and one of those friends has taken two burnouts
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and recently he retired early because he was just too stressed at work.
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But among my much larger group of American friends, I cannot think of anyone who has ever experienced burnout.
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Now obviously that does not mean that Germans experience more burnouts than Americans.
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This is only my personal experience.
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I've held a 9 to 5 in both places in the USA and in Germany and my German workplace felt more formal,
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structured and more task focused whereas my american workplaces every single place
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that i worked at always felt more social more easy going
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you know people joking around taking lunch together as co-workers they become friends
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and at several jobs co-workers even started to feel like a
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second family then i asked my german husband about his experience working here when he was younger his answer was completely different.
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His workplaces were relaxed and social and much like my workplaces in the USA.
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Now his answer forced me to reconsider my own experience.
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I did not experience German work culture.
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I experienced one German workplace.
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So when we say Americans are obsessed with work,
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It's human nature to hear part of the story or experience something once and formulate a blanket judgment.
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So for many Americans, work is tied to health insurance, financial security, career advancement, and social status.
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American culture places enormous value on achievement and professional success.
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So taking less vacation does not automatically mean Americans are obsessed with work.
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Sometimes people work more because they want to and sometimes the system just gives them fewer choices.
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What looks like a culture of law from the outside becomes much more complicated when you look at what's underneath it.
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Another stereotype I often hear is that Americans are fake friendly.
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They smile too much.
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They make small talk with strangers.
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They ask how are you without expecting a detailed answer in return.
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Someone you met five minutes ago will tell you to have an amazing day.
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We use words like awesome to meet you, see you around, or oh my god I love your skirt where did you get it.
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That's a reference by the way.
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Let's see who gets it.
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If you come from a culture where friendliness is more reserved for people you actually know,
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this behavior might feel superficial.
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American friendliness often does not mean I want to become your friend.
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Sometimes the message is simply, I want this interaction to feel pleasant for myself and for the other person.
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In Germany, people are more reserved at first.
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There's less small talk with strangers and less outward enthusiasm in everyday interactions.
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I think that's the best way I can explain it.
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To an American, this might feel cold.
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A German might see the same behavior as honest.
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Why pretend to be interested in someone you do not know?
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And even after years of living here, I still catch myself judging why people are not responding to my friendliness.
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The European sees the American smile and thinks, you don't really mean this.
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The American sees a European reserve and thinks, why are you so unfriendly?
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But both people follow different rules of politeness.
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Even an American saying we should get together sometime does not always mean plans are coming next.
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From the outside, I understand why this sounds fake.
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Inside American culture, the phrase often functions more like a warmth than really a promise.
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So what one culture calls superficial, another calls considerate.
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What one culture calls honest, another experience it as being distant.
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Americans often are expressive with their friendliness and calling the friendliness fake is an interpretation, not the truth.
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So now looking at all of these stereotypes, there is a clear pattern.
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Most begin with something real.
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Americans often know less about other countries than Europeans expect.
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American culture looks different from older European traditions.
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Americans often take less vacation.
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American friendliness is more outward.
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Somewhere between observing those things and explaining them, we add our own cultural assumptions.
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Friendliness becomes fake.
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Ambition becomes obsession.
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Patriotism becomes arrogance.
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A different kind of culture becomes no culture at all.
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So understanding another culture might start with one question am i describing what i see
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or am i describing what i think it means
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and sometimes learning about another culture teaches you as much about
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yourself as a people you were trying to understand thank you guys
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so much for watching and i will see you in the next video
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “How Living Abroad Changed How I See America”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: culture, stereotype, vacation, german, European. בסרטון הזה יש 136 משפטים ו-1726 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 12:07. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-142 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 85% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| stereotype שם עצם | /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ | סְטֵרֵאוֹטִיפּ, סטריאוטיפ |
| workplace שם עצם | /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/ | מקום עבודה |
| superficial שם תואר | /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/ | שִׁטְחִי |
| obsession שם עצם | /əbˈsɛʃən/ | אובססיה |
| geography שם עצם | /d͡ʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/ | גֵּאוֹגְרַפְיָה |
| assumption שם עצם | /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/ | השערה hash'ará, הנחה hanakhá |
| considerate שם תואר | /kənˈsɪdəɹət/ | מתחשב |
| localize פועל | /ˈloʊkəlaɪz/ | המקים |
| politeness שם עצם | /pəˈlaɪtnəs/ | נִימוּס, אֲדִיבוּת |
| accessibility שם עצם | /əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ | נְגִישׁוּת, הַנְגָּשָׁה |
| arrogance שם עצם | /ˈæɹ.ə.ɡəns/ | יְהִירוּת |
| patriotism שם עצם | /ˈpeɪtɹi.əˌtɪzəm/ | פַּטְרִיוֹטִיּוּת |
| circumstance שם עצם | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | נסיבות |
| confuse פועל | /kənˈfjuːz/ | בלבל |
| skate שם עצם | /skeɪt/ | מַחְלִיק |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| grow up פועל | גָּדַל |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verb — הרגל או מצב שהיה נכון בעבר וכבר לא קיים | used to believe · used to say |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | has given · has changed · I've spent |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is based · are not exposed · is tied |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | abroad, which is · people who have · anyone who has |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-15 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, they're, I've. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: warmth /wɔɹmθ/, cathedral /kəˈθiːdɹəl/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, genre /ˈ(d)ʒɑnɹə/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, geography /d͡ʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/, considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/, consumerism /kənˈsumərɪzm̩/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: workplace /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/, outward /ˈaʊt.wɚd/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: arrogance /ˈæɹ.ə.ɡəns/, circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, friendliness /ˈfɹɛndlinəs/, burnout /ˈbɜː(ɹ)naʊt/, geography /d͡ʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/, considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו stereotype, workplace, superficial.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.