Shadowing Practice: How to Make Pizza at Home | Epicurious 101 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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165 משפטים
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I'm Frank Proto, professional chef and color instructor, and today we're gonna make pizza.
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Frank's time.
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We're talking everything you need to know about how to make the perfect pizza at home.
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This is how to make pizza 101.
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I think that making pizza at home is an essential cooking skill to have.
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It is not as hard as you think and that's what I'm gonna show you how to do today.
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Today we are making a simple margarita pie.
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I always judge a pizzeria by its crust.
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Is it crunchy?
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Does it hold up?
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Is it golden brown?
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Does it have some air bubbles?
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That's what you want in a good pizza crust.
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store -bought dough.
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There is no shame in this.
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Did you know if you go to your local pizzeria, you can buy dough from them too?
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So find your favorite pizzeria and buy dough from them.
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I preheated my oven to about 500 degrees, basically as high as it's going to go.
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And what I'm going to do is make a makeshift pizza stone.
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The reason we have the sheet tray turned over like this is
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that it's easy to transport and slide the pizza off onto it.
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So I'm going to put it in upside down, put it in my preheated oven and get it nice and hot.
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Putting our pan in the oven and preheating it does a couple of things.
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It starts our crust getting crisp right away, and we get a little bit of oven spring from that yeast.
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As it dies, it's giving a last breath of CO2 and flavor, and we get some nice bubbles.
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While it's getting hot, let's get to work.
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My star -bought dough is chilled, and what I want to do is kind of cut it into the portion size I want,
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and then rework the dough slightly to redistribute the yeast and kind of wake this dough up.
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So I'm just going to kind of roll this under, give it a light rounding so that when we roll this out, we have a nice round pie.
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If you have bubbles, leave them alone.
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We don't want to crush them out and redistribute that yeast.
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So we're going to work the dough lightly, not knead it, but just bring it together.
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And what we do is we want it to get a little tight.
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So when I press down on it, it kind of bounces back.
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It's got some spring to it, right?
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We don't want to work it so it's a tough dough.
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We just want to work it a little, keep the bubbles in, and give us a little spring back.
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my sheet tray give it a little room I'm gonna put a towel on this
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and let it sit at a room temperature for about 30 minutes
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so the gluten can relax a little
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because we reworked it we also want to get some more
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bubbling in there we want the yeast to wake up so
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while the dough rests we can make our sauce for everyone
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that buys sauce in a jar stop this is so easy
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so simple it really takes no skill at all I tend
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not to use fresh tomatoes on my pizza canned tomatoes have less and they have a ton of flavor as well.
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I'm using crushed peeled tomatoes.
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You can use whole peeled or diced tomatoes.
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Whatever one makes you happy, just use it.
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Next thing I wanna do is put a little bit of garlic in here.
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Just one nice clove of garlic, and I'm gonna put this in just like this.
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I'm not gonna chop it.
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That's why I have the stick blender, right?
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I just want to throw my garlic in there.
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If you like more garlic, put more garlic in.
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If you like less, put less in.
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But please, use fresh, not the stuff in the jar.
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So next I'm gonna add some basil leaves, and I like to puree a few leaves in there, right?
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I just break them up.
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Basil is going to give some sweetness to the sauce.
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It's going to give some brightness to the finished pizza.
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Some people use oregano.
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I like oregano.
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I like basil a lot more.
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I like a little bit of chili flakes in there.
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Not necessarily for a lot of heat, but just a little bit of kick.
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I'm also going to add some extra virgin olive oil.
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This is really floral and green.
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It's going to give our basil a little boost.
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It also just kind of brings everything together with a little bit of fat.
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Some salt.
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Fresh cracked black pepper has better flavor than something you'd buy in a jar.
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If you don't have one of these fancy stick blenders or immersion blenders, You can put it in a blender, you can put it in a food processor, or you can just break it up with your hands.
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It's totally up to you.
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I just like for that garlic to be buzzed into my sauce so I get a good dispersion.
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The finished texture I'm looking for is that all of the ingredients are blended, but it's not super smooth.
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I want to see some chunks in there if possible.
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The point of this is just to bring all of the flavors together.
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Some people like to cook their tomato sauce, but for this recipe we don't.
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Saves you a lot of time and still gives you a ton of flavor.
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Dough has been sitting for about a half hour.
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Let's take a look at it.
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Ooh, look at that.
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We got some nice bubbles.
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We want bubbles and a little less bounciness.
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We also reactivated some of the yeast in there to kind of get those bubbles rolling again.
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Bubbles usually equal flavor, right?
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Bubbles mean that the yeast is doing its work.
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So let's get this one piece of dough off, put it out onto the board.
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If it's sticky, you wanna make sure that you put some flour on it.
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We can always shake the flour off later.
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outside.
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And I wanna use my fingers for this.
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A rolling pin's gonna knock out all the bubbles that we tried to get in there.
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What I'm gonna do is just go around the sides, leaving a crust, and then start stretching our dough.
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If the dough's not stretching easily, be patient.
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That means it just needs to rest a little longer.
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And what you can also do is pull on it if you want, But we really just want to stretch out that center.
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If I put it over my hands, my hands are curled under.
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I'm using my knuckles.
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We can use our hands to kind of stretch wherever there's heavy parts.
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Don't necessarily need to throw it in the air.
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You just really want to stretch it out.
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I want it as thin as I can make it without it tearing, right?
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If I get a little tear like that, all I do is take my dough, stretch it over the top, cover up my hole, give it a pinch, and we're good to go.
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But you definitely want it to be as thin as humanly possible without tearing through.
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Our pizza dough is stretched out, and what I'm gonna do is get another half sheet tray.
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It's not hot.
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And I'm gonna use this as a makeshift peel for my pizza.
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So we get our dough on here.
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Put enough flour on the bottom so that it doesn't stick.
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See how it moves around really well.
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And now we're ready to top it.
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So my dough is moving freely.
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I'm gonna put some sauce on here.
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We're gonna take the ladle, put some in the center, and then we're just gonna swirl it around all the way up to the edge.
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We don't want this to be wet, right?
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So we don't want to put too much sauce in.
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Just a nice, light coating of sauce.
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Every time, let's make sure that we're still moving.
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If you see that it sticks, we can always add like a pinch of flour underneath.
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As far as cheese goes, I try and stay away from fresh mozzarella because it has a lot of moisture and it makes our dough soggy.
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I like to use a low moisture mozzarella.
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It does not make my pizza soggy.
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So when it comes to grating my mozzarella cheese, and I go right on top, right?
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If it just drops in the center, That's fine.
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I give a nice hefty dash of that low moisture mozzarella.
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And then I can kind of spread it out to the edges.
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We want to have just enough cheese to cover our pizza.
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The other cheeses that I use are grating cheeses.
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Whenever I use grated cheese for pizza, I like to use Parmesan and Pecorino.
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Parmesan gives us a nice nuttiness.
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Pecorino is sharp, kind of kick in the face.
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I like the kind of the mix of those on my pizza.
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I'm going to hit it with a little bit of extra virgin olive oil, always a little salt and some black pepper.
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You can put whatever toppings you want on this pizza, Keep in mind how much moisture is in those ingredients.
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If it's like a mushroom and it has a lot of moisture, cook them first before you put them on top.
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So I want to make sure this is floured so our pizza moves easily and slides into the oven without any problems.
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The pizza's been in the oven for about 20 minutes.
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It's time to take it out.
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Isn't she pretty?
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Look, we got some nice brownie on the crust.
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We got some beautiful bubbles.
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Let's get that out.
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Alright, let's slide it off onto the cutting board.
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Look at her, she's beautiful!
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Make sure you put the fresh basil on right before you're ready to serve it so that it doesn't go black.
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Right, we want a little bit of freshness from every bite.
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You can smell we have a great crust, we have a lot of bubbles, you can smell the cheese, the basil is kind of hitting you really hard.
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All in all, it looks like a great pie.
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Time to cut.
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I'm just gonna use a regular chef knife.
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I'm gonna cut it into like six nice slices.
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Mm.
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Delicious?
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It's got a great balance of flavors.
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You can taste the dough, which is nice because it has some nice bubbles in it.
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Look at those nice crackly bubbles.
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You can taste all the cheeses and that mozzarella's got a little bit of stretchiness to it.
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The basil just kind of like sets everything off, makes it fresh, cuts some of the cheese flavor, gives you some nice brightness.
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It's totally worth the time to make your own pizza.
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This is a super easy process.
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All you got to do is have a little bit of patience.
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It keeps on like.. pizza.
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style.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “How to Make Pizza at Home”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: pizza, dough, bubbles, cheese, flavor. בסרטון הזה יש 165 משפטים ו-1843 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 8:01. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-230 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. רק 78% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| dough שם עצם | /doʊ/ | בָּצֵק |
| bubble שם עצם | /ˈbʌbəl/ | בּוּעָה |
| flavor שם עצם | /ˈfleɪvə/ | טַעַם |
| basil שם עצם | /ˈbæz.əl/ | רֵיחָן, בָּזִילִיקוּם |
| yeast שם עצם | /jist/ | שמרים |
| garlic שם עצם | /ˈɡɑɹlɪk/ | שׁוּם |
| oven שם עצם | /ˈʌ.vn̩/ | תַּנּוּר |
| tomato שם עצם | /təˈmeɪ.toʊ/ | עַגְבָנִיָּה, בַּדּוּרָה |
| moisture שם עצם | /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/ | לַחוּת |
| flour שם עצם | /ˈflaʊ.ə/ | קֶמַח |
| blender שם עצם | /ˈblɛn.dɚ/ | מַמְחֶה |
| pizzeria שם עצם | /ˌpiːt.səˈɹiː.ə/ | פיצריה |
| tray שם עצם | /tɹeɪ/ | מַגָּשׁ |
| makeshift שם תואר | /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/ | חלופי, ארעי |
| oregano שם עצם | /əˈɹɛɡənoʊ/ | אורגנו |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| wake up פועל | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | התעורר |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- That's what you want in a good pizza crust.
- While it's getting hot, let's get to work.
- I'm using crushed peeled tomatoes.
- I'm not gonna chop it.
- That's why I have the stick blender, right?
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-58 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, gonna, we're. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: makeshift /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/, crush /kɹʌʃ/, dispersion /dɪˈspɜːʒən/, freshness /ˈfɹɛʃnəs/, immersion /ɪˈmɝʒən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: mozzarella /mɑt.səˈɹɛl.ə/, pizzeria /ˌpiːt.səˈɹiː.ə/, oregano /əˈɹɛɡənoʊ/, redistribute /ˌɹi.dɪˈstɹɪb.jut/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: rework /ˈɹiːwɜː(ɹ)k/, sweetness /ˈswitnəs/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: basil /ˈbæz.əl/, dash /ˈdæʃ/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: crust /kɹʌst/, garlic /ˈɡɑɹlɪk/, mozzarella /mɑt.səˈɹɛl.ə/, grate /ˈɡɹeɪt/, pizzeria /ˌpiːt.səˈɹiː.ə/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו dough, bubble, flavor.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.