Shadowing Practice: Paleoworld- Loch Ness Secrets (Part 1) - Learn English Speaking with Video
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95 משפטים
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1
Lurking in the gloomy depths of a Scottish lake is a legend of mythic proportions.
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The Loch Ness Monster.
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Despite today's sophisticated surveillance and thousands of sightings over the centuries, it continues to escape detection.
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Now, scientists are honing in on the real dragons that haunted the deep 100 million years ago.
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In Scottish folklore, an evil spirit dwells in Loch Ness that lures unwary travelers to their graves.
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scotland st columba saw it 1500 years ago and crossed himself for protection
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since then 10 000 sightings have been reported paleontologist mike benton
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of bristol university in england has taken time out to look into the story of the mysterious beast
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that lurks in the lake for centuries mariners have reported giant creatures
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that would come from the depths
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and would seize their ships plucking mariners from the decks
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and crushing the boat
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and pulling it under the way well last century a giant
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squid was pulled from the pacific with tentacles 70 feet long
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so that at least was one sea monster
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that turned out to be real it's not surprising
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that a lake hemmed in by brooding hills worn smooth by
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ancient glaciers should produce such a haunting legend laden with peat its murky water makes underwater sightings virtually impossible
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24 miles long one mile wide Loch Ness is one of the deepest lakes in the world
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ideal for a monster in hiding 150 million years ago,
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the Jurassic was a time of giants.
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On land, dinosaurs 60 feet tall were coming into their own.
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Pterosaurs ruled the air, and in the sea,
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colossal reptiles, among them three heavyweight contenders for the Loch Ness Monster.
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First of all, there were the ichthyosaurs.
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These were dolphin -like animals, which could swim very fast and they fed on a variety of fishes and a squid.
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Secondly, there were the mosasaurs.
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These were overgrown lizards with strangely hinged jaws that could grapple with their prey.
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And some of the mosasaurs were very large, as much as 40 feet in length.
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There were the plesiosaurs.
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That's the most popular candidate for the Loch Ness Monster with its long neck and long tail.
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And some of those could be truly gigantic as well.
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These fantastic creatures did exist.
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Could one of them have pulled off the great escape from Jurassic Park?
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Two centuries ago, these bleak
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and treacherous cliffs at Lyme Regis on the southern coast of England loomed over a vast prehistoric world yet to be discovered.
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No one dreamed sea monsters could be real.
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But one day in 1810, young Mary Anning was scouring the beach, looking for fossil shells to sell to support her widowed mother.
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Although she had no formal training, 12 -year -old Mary knew enough to recognize the unusual bones protruding from the cliff.
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They belong to the first complete skeleton of an ichthyosaur ever found.
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No one appreciates the significance of the discovery more than paleontologist Hugh Torrens.
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It's nice to be following in Mary Anning's footsteps.
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I've been coming here for 30 years and I'm reminded on a day like this of how extraordinarily dangerous it is.
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You look at the cliffs, see how fragile and delicate they are, and you are, I think, struck that a young girl was doing this
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and developing this extraordinary reputation as one of the founding figures of the study of fossils.
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Her discovery made young Mary famous, and the fossils she found here were sold for large sums of money.
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She learned rapidly
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that the different limestone layers exposed by the slumping of the weak black clays contained fossils from different time periods.
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She found a whole series of discoveries, and I suppose the most famous is the one that she made when she was a child.
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This is the first ichthyosaur to come to scientific attention, which caused a storm in London because it was such an unknown and unexpected animal.
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The ichthyosaur, which means fish lizard, had a long pointed snout with sharp cutting teeth,
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unusually large eyes, and a body shape superbly equipped for rapid movement through the water, much like modern dolphins.
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Theirs was an award -winning design.
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They survived in seas around the world for over 150 million years.
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They're beautifully streamlined, fast -swimming animals.
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Like dolphins, they also had to come up to breathe from time to time.
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I'm surprised I haven't seen one yet.
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scotland is not the only country haunted by a legendary sea dragon
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canada's most famous monster ogopogo lives in okanagan lake a deep finger lake in british columbia
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and the director of the department of fisheries for quebec also officially announced that a strange,
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large animal is living in Lake Pohenigamook, the Indian word for monster.
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Could a few scattered ichthyosaurs be hiding out in North America?
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200 million years ago, water covered much of present -day Nevada.
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Today, three hours from Reno, is Icthyosaur State Park.
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Jennifer Hoegler is the resident paleontologist.
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The main feature of the park is a collection of fossils
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so large it can't be moved and is protected by a building known as the Ark.
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The most remarkable sight of all is right here.
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There are nine or ten animals packed very tightly together here, kind of like giant sardines in a really big can.
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This is a mass grave of ichthyosaurs.
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How these creatures died and why so many were huddled together in one place remains a mystery.
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One theory is they beached themselves like whales.
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They simply got too close to the shore, got stuck, and died.
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The problem with this theory is that these simply aren't beach sediments.
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The water here was at least 100 or more feet deep, well off the edge of the continental shelf.
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They could have congregated at a rich food source, but there are other possibilities.
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The most recent idea is that the ichthyosaurs used this area as a breeding ground.
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Again, just like modern animals, they would occasionally gather in large numbers to breed and to give birth.
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Fossil evidence reveals that ichthyosaurs gave birth to live young, tail first like modern dolphins, to prevent them from drowning.
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A remarkable fossil in the Natural History Museum in London captures an ichthyosaur being born.
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The stress of the birth must have killed both mother and baby.
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Together, they drifted to the bottom to be frozen in time.
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Perhaps the wildest theory of all is based on an ancient Indian legend that says there used to be really, really big fish swimming in ancient...
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Lake Lahontan off to the west of here
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and then one day there was a great cataclysm in
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which the mountains roared the earth shook and the sky turned black
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and after that the big fish were seen no more the theory is
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that those big fish were actually ichthyosaurs still alive just 4 ,000 years ago
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and the cataclysm was the impact of a large meteorite
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that landed in the lake
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and splashed the broken bodies of these ichthyosaurs 100 miles to
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where they landed here on the hillside where we find them today.
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The largest ichthyosaur found in the park was 56 feet long, and this is a pretty good representation of what it looked like.
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19th century artists envisioned ichthyosaurs gulping prey in a sea filled with bizarre creatures.
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Their huge jaws and lethal looking teeth made ichthyosaur look like a killer dolphin from hell.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Paleoworld- Loch Ness Secrets”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: ichthyosaur, lake, monster, fossil, animal. בסרטון הזה יש 95 משפטים ו-1218 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 10:53. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-112 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. רק 75% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| fossil שם עצם | /ˈfɑsl̩/ | מְאוּבָּן, מְאֻבָּן |
| dolphin שם עצם | /ˈdɑlf.ɪn/ | דּוֹלְפִין |
| haunt פועל | /hɔnt/ | רָדַף |
| cliff שם עצם | /klɪf/ | צוק |
| lizard שם עצם | /ˈlɪzɚd/ | לְטָאָה, חַרְדּוֹן |
| prey שם עצם | /pɹeɪ/ | טֶרֶף |
| jaw שם עצם | /d͡ʒɔː/ | לֶסֶת |
| folklore שם עצם | /ˈfoʊk.lɔːɹ/ | פוֹלְקְלוֹר |
| gloomy שם תואר | /ˈɡlumi/ | אפל |
| meteorite שם עצם | /ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/ | מֶטֶאוֹרִיט, כּוֹכָב נוֹפֵל |
| prehistoric שם תואר | /ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/ | פרהיסטורי |
| protrude פועל | /pɹəˈtɹud/ | בלט |
| reptile שם עצם | /ˈɹɛp.taɪl/ | זוֹחֵל |
| sardine שם עצם | /sɑɹˈdin/ | סלתנית \ סַלְתָּנִית, סֻלְתָּנִית |
| tentacle שם עצם | /ˈtɛntəkəl/ | זְרוֹעַ |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | have been reported · was pulled · be discovered |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have been reported · has taken · have reported |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-7 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, aren't, can't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: ichthyosaur /ˈɪkθiəsɔːɹ/, mythic /ˈmɪθɪk/, lethal /ˈliː.θəl/, theirs /ðɛɚz/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: envision /ɪnˈvɪʒn̩/, fishery /ˈfɪʃəɹi/, glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, unusually /ʌnˈjuːʒuəli/, splash /splæʃ/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: meteorite /ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/, prehistoric /ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/, unusually /ʌnˈjuːʒuəli/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: equip /ɪˈkwɪp/, dwell /dwɛl/, heavyweight /ˈhɛ.vi.weɪt/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, whale /ˈweɪl/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: cataclysm /ˈkætəˌklɪzm̩/, mariner /ˈmæɹɪnɚ/, grapple /ˈɡɹæpəl/, scatter /ˈskætɚ/, gigantic /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: ichthyosaur /ˈɪkθiəsɔːɹ/, mariner /ˈmæɹɪnɚ/, prey /pɹeɪ/, breed /ˈbɹiːd/, congregate /ˈkɒŋɡɹəɡeɪt/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו fossil, dolphin, haunt.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.