Shadowing Practice: What is radioactive waste? - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
25 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
What is radioactive waste?
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Radioactive waste is any liquid, gas, or solid that contains a radioactive nuclear substance and for which there is no foreseeable use.
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There are four general classes of radioactive waste in Canada.
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Uranium mine and mill waste, low -level radioactive waste, intermediate -level radioactive waste, and high -level radioactive waste.
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The first of the four general classes is uranium mine and mill waste.
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This includes tailings and waste rock generated by the mining and milling of uranium ore.
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Tailings have the consistency of fine sand, while waste rock is simply gravel and broken up rock.
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Next, we have low -level radioactive waste, which is more radioactive than clearance levels and exemption quantities allow.
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It requires isolation and containment for up to several hundred years.
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Nuclear power plants, research reactors, test facilities, radioisotope manufacturers or users,
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uranium refining and conversion, and nuclear fuel fabrication facilities produce low -level waste.
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It can come in various forms such as used equipment, paper, cable, clothing, decommissioned parts and even mops.
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Thirdly, we have intermediate level radioactive waste which contains concentrations of long -lived radionuclides, elements that emit radiation.
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It requires isolation and containment for longer than several hundred years.
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Nuclear power plants, prototype and research reactors, test facilities and radioisotope manufacturers and users produce intermediate level waste.
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It can come in the form of refurbishment waste, such as old components, ion exchange resins,
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and some radioactive sources used in radiation therapy.
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Lastly, we have high -level radioactive waste, which is primarily used nuclear fuel,
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along with small amounts of waste that generate significant heat and radioactivity.
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It requires long -term isolation.
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Nuclear power plants, prototype and research reactors, and test facilities produce high -level waste.
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It comes in the form of used nuclear fuel that is still significantly radioactive.
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The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regulates all classes
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and forms of radioactive waste in Canada to protect the health and safety of people and the environment.
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You can find more More info at nuclearsafety .gc .ca.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 25 sentences and 335 words to shadow. The speech runs for 2:42. The speaker talks at a steady 124 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. Only 77% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| radioactive adjective | /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ | Exhibiting radioactivity. |
| uranium noun | /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/ | The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U. A radioactive silvery-grey metal in the actinide series. |
| mill noun | /mɪl/ | A grinding apparatus for substances such as grains, seeds, etc. (Some are small and simple, and some are large and complex.) |
| intermediate adjective | /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/ | Being between two extremes, or in the middle of a range. |
| isolation noun | /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ | The state of being isolated, detached, or separated; the state of being away from other people. |
| reactor noun | /ɹiˈæktɚ/ | A person who responds to a suggestion, stimulation or other influence. |
| radiation noun | /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ | The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light. |
| generate verb | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ | To bring into being; give rise to. |
| manufacturer noun | /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/ | A person or company that manufactures. |
| prototype noun | /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ | An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models. |
| primarily adverb | /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/ | Of a primary or central nature, first and foremost. |
| clothing noun | /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ | Any of a wide variety of articles, usually made of fabrics, animal hair, animal skin, or some combination thereof, used to cover the human body for warmth, to… |
| element noun | /ˈɛləmənt/ | One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based. |
| sand noun | /sænd/ | Rock that is ground more finely than gravel, but is not as fine as silt (more formally, see grain sizes chart), forming beaches and deserts and also used in… |
| liquid noun | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | A substance that is flowing, and keeping no shape, such as water; a substance of which the molecules, while not tending to separate from one another like those… |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| break up verb | To break or separate into pieces. |
Pronunciation to watch
- The “th” sounds: clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, conversion /kənˈvɝʒən/, exemption /ɪɡˈzɛm(p).ʃən/
- Long words — get the stress right: radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, uranium /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/, intermediate /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like radioactive, uranium, mill.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.