शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Bernie Explains Whats Next After the Midterms - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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159 वाक्य
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Hello everybody.
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Let me begin by thanking the millions of Americans who were actively involved in the election yesterday.
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The people who knocked on doors, the people who made phone calls, and all the things that a winning campaign requires.
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Thank you for what you did.
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And let me also congratulate the great candidates who won in US Senate races, in House races, and in state elections all across America.
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On a personal note, I look forward to working with all of the newly elected senators,
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and I thank them very much for their hard work in this campaign and for giving the Democrats a strong majority.
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Yesterday, Trump told us to vote as if he were on the ballot.
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Vote as if he were on the ballot.
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That's what he said, and that is exactly what the American people did.
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Together, we stood up to authoritarianism and a president who does not believe in the Constitution or the rule of law,
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and we won.
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With Democratic control over the Senate and the House, we will now finally be able to hold Donald Trump accountable.
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That is a big deal.
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But as important as it is, it is not enough.
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We have got to do more.
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Whether we like it or not,
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we are living in an unprecedented moment in American history where our country faces extraordinary crises.
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We cannot and must not run away from them when Democrats assume power in January.
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These crises must be dealt with.
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It is no secret that in the United States and all over the world.
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People are giving up on democracy.
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Now, why is that?
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And the answer is that all over the world,
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not just in America, working families are struggling to put food on the table and pay for basic necessities,
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while the very richest people become much richer.
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And throughout our country and many other countries, ordinary people are saying, does their government,
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does their government even know that they exist
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or are elected officials too busy worrying about the needs of the rich and the powerful.
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This is an American issue, but in fact an international issue.
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And in my view, the American people have had enough.
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They are demanding real change and bold policies that will dramatically improve their lives.
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In the richest country on earth, the American people want a government that stands for working families,
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not billionaire campaign contributors.
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And that is not just Bernie Sanders talking.
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According to a recent AP poll, 80 % of registered voters want either,
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quote, complete and total upheaval or substantial change in how this country is run,
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and that includes 97 % of Democrats, 90 % of Independents, and 58 % of Republicans.
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In other words, the American people understand that the economy today is rigged,
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and that we cannot continue the same old, same old establishment politics and establishment policies.
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The American people want change, real change.
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And yesterday's election confirms just that.
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Let me give you some examples of what I mean and the issues that we have got to deal with.
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In our country today, income and wealth inequality has reached unprecedented levels.
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The top 1 % now owns more wealth than the bottom 93 percent.
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One man, Elon Musk, owns more wealth than the bottom 53 percent of American households.
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In my view, that is insane, and I think that's how most Americans feel.
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Democrats, when they gain control in January of the House and the Senate, cannot ignore this grotesque inequality.
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We must take on the greed of the very, very rich and their incredible wealth.
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And that means a Democratic Congress must pass a wealth tax on billionaires.
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At a time when billionaires pay a lower effective tax rate than truck drivers or nurses,
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we must enact a 5 % wealth tax on billionaires so that we can provide every working -class family in the country.
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A family of four with a $12 ,000 direct payment.
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In other words, if you're a working class family of four, that's $3 ,000 for every man, woman, and child.
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$12 ,000.
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Furthermore, with that tax on billionaires, we can build 7 million units of low -income and affordable housing.
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We can make public colleges and universities tuition -free,
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and we can provide universal free child care for 13 million children.
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That is what a wealth tax on billionaires can do.
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But taxing the oligarchs means more than just taking on their wealth.
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It means ending their stranglehold over our political system.
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Elon Musk and his billionaire friends have poured a record -breaking two billion dollars into the recent election.
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That is absurd.
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The American people want
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Congress to overturn
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Citizens United, abolish super PACs, and establish public funding of elections.
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Democracy must mean one person, one vote, not billionaires buying elections.
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But it's not just massive income and wealth inequality that we have to deal with or a corrupt campaign finance system.
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In America today, as everybody knows, and I get the same response wherever I go in this country,
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everybody understands that our health care system is broken, it is dysfunctional, and it is wildly expensive.
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We spend twice as much per person on health care as any other major country.
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Almost twice as much.
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Yet, despite that huge expenditure, more than 90 million
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Americans are uninsured or underinsured.
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Over a half a million people go bankrupt each year because of medical debt.
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We pay the highest prescription drug prices in the world and,
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tragically, more than 60 ,000 Americans die unnecessarily every year because they cannot afford medical care.
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How cruel is that?
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Yes, we must repeal the trillion dollars in cuts
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Trump made to Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act to prevent 15 million
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Americans from losing their health care.
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Yes, we must restore ACA tax credits to stop the outrageous premium spikes for 20 million
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Americans, but that is nowhere near enough.
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Health care must be considered as a human right, not a privilege.
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That means passing
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Medicare for All legislation now supported by 66 % of the American people.
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As an immediate first step, Democrats must lower the Medicare eligibility age from 65 down to 55,
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expand Medicare to cover dental, vision, and hearing, and guarantee universal health care coverage for every child from birth to age 19.
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All of this can be accomplished with 51 votes in the Senate through the reconciliation process.
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But it's not just income and wealth inequality that we have to deal with, or a corrupt campaign finance system, or a dysfunctional health care system.
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We must deal with artificial intelligence, the most transformational technology in the history of humanity.
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In America today, big tech oligarchs are spending trillions of dollars on artificial intelligence and robotics with virtually no regulation.
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This revolutionary technology will transform the lives of every man, woman and child in our country and around the world.
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Left unchecked, AI and robotics will destroy tens of millions of jobs, devastate our children's mental health,
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eviscerate our privacy rights, drive up electricity rates, strain water supplies, and transform warfare.
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If AI becomes smarter than human beings and escapes human control,
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it will also pose an existential threat to the very existence of humanity.
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We cannot allow a handful of big tech billionaires to become even richer
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and more powerful by ramming this dangerous technology down our throats.
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Democrats must enact a national moratorium on AI data centers,
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must pause advanced AI development, and ban superintelligence.
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And, by the way, I might mention that yesterday
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In the election, in dozens of communities throughout our country, citizens voted for a moratorium on the construction of data centers.
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In other words, a moratorium on data centers is exactly what the American people want.
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But my friends, it is not just oligarchy, a corrupt campaign finance system, a broken healthcare system, and uncontrolled AI.
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In America today, while the very rich get richer,
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60 % of our people live paycheck to paycheck and millions work long,
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long hours for incredibly low wages.
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That must change.
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The $7 .25 an hour federal minimum wage is a starvation wage.
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Democrats must raise it to a living wage of at least $20 an hour
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and make it easier for workers to form unions by passing the PRO Act.
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A job must lift people out of poverty, not keep them in it.
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Further, in our country today, one -third of our seniors are struggling economically, and more than 20 % survive,
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are trying to survive, on less than $15 ,000 a year.
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Nearly half of older
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Americans have no retirement savings and no idea how they will retire with a shred of dignity.
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Meanwhile, Elon Musk pays the same amount into Social Security as someone earning $184 ,600 a year.
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That is absurd.
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By applying the Social Security payroll tax to all income above $250 ,000, including capital gains and dividends,
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we could increase benefits by $2 ,400 a year, lift millions of seniors out of poverty, improve cost -of -living adjustments,
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and keep Social Security solvent for generations without raising taxes on the bottom 91 percent of Americans.
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We must also restore the traditional pension plans corporate America took away
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so that every worker can count on a guaranteed income in retirement.
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That is what a Democratic Congress must do.
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Let me be clear.
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In America today, we spend more on the military than the next six nations combined.
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Despite massive waste, fraud, and abuse,
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the Pentagon has repeatedly failed independent audits and cannot account for trillions of dollars in spending.
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Adding insult to injury,
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Trump has dragged us into an illegal and unconstitutional war in Iran that will cost hundreds of billions of dollars.
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We must end this disastrous war, we must cut off all funding for the genocidal government in Israel,
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and we must substantially reduce military spending.
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Instead of pouring $1 .1 trillion into a bloated
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Pentagon and never -ending wars, a Democratic Congress must build the best public education system in
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the world with no teacher earning less than $60 ,000 a year.
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And let me touch on one more subject that
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Democrats must deal with.
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Since Trump took office, ICE agents have shot American citizens in cold blood, have broken down doors to arrest people,
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and have sent five -year -old children to detention centers.
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These actions are not only immoral and disgraceful, they are unconstitutional.
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Democrats must immediately rescind the $75 billion
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Republicans gave Trump to fund his domestic army.
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Instead of ICE agents terrorizing communities throughout the country,
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we must finally move to comprehensive immigration reform and a path toward citizenship for the undocumented.
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Let's be clear.
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All of the policies I have just discussed and more that I have not mentioned are not radical.
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They are precisely what a strong majority of the American people want.
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So we are in a moment in American history where a lot of folks are losing faith in democracy.
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They are struggling every day just to stay alive,
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while at the same time billionaires have more money than they can spend in a thousand lifetimes.
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are getting richer and richer all of the time.
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So what we are talking about now is not only the need to fight for economic justice,
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we are fighting to give hope to the American people, to allow them to understand that in fact their government can work for them,
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can address the crises that they face, and will pay attention to the needs of the men,
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women, and children in our country who are struggling and not just the very, very wealthy campaign contributors.
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That is, in my view, what Democrats have got to do when they assume power in January.
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We can do it, we must do it, and I look forward to working with all of you to make sure that it happens.
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Thank you all very much.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Bernie Explains Whats Next After the Midterms” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: billionaire, wealth, Democrats। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 158 वाक्य और 1936 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 15:50 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 122 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 84% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| wage संज्ञा | /weɪd͡ʒ/ | वेतन, तनख़्वाह |
| inequality संज्ञा | /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ | असमानता |
| corrupt विशेषण | /kəˈɹʌpt/ | बेईमान, भ्रष्ट |
| earn क्रिया | /ɝn/ | कमाना |
| poverty संज्ञा | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | ग़रीबी, निर्धनता |
| guarantee संज्ञा | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | प्रतिभूति |
| establishment संज्ञा | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/ | स्थापना |
| humanity संज्ञा | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | मानवजाति, मानवता |
| artificial विशेषण | /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/ | कृत्रिम |
| restore क्रिया | /ɹɪˈstoɹ/ | बहाल करना |
| pour क्रिया | /poɹ/ | बहना |
| unprecedented विशेषण | /ʌnˈpɹɛsɪdɛntɪd/ | अपूर्वता |
| unconstitutional विशेषण | असंवैधानिक | |
| robotics संज्ञा | /ɹoʊˈbɑ.tɪks/ | रोबॉटिक्स |
| ignore क्रिया | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | उपेक्षा, उपेक्षा करना |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | were actively involved · must be dealt · are elected |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | have had · has reached · have poured |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: throat /ˈθɹoʊt/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, authoritarianism /ɔˌθɔːɹɪˈtɛːɹiən.ɪzm̩/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: inequality /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: wage /weɪd͡ʒ/, inequality /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: citizenship /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/, pose /poʊz/, pause /pɔːz/, disastrous /dɪˈzæs.tɹəs/, authoritarianism /ɔˌθɔːɹɪˈtɛːɹiən.ɪzm̩/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: strain /stɹeɪn/, spike /spaɪk/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर wage, inequality, corrupt जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।