ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Bernie Explains Whats Next After the Midterms
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159 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
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Hello everybody.
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Let me begin by thanking the millions of Americans who were actively involved in the election yesterday.
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The people who knocked on doors, the people who made phone calls, and all the things that a winning campaign requires.
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Thank you for what you did.
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And let me also congratulate the great candidates who won in US Senate races, in House races, and in state elections all across America.
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On a personal note, I look forward to working with all of the newly elected senators,
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and I thank them very much for their hard work in this campaign and for giving the Democrats a strong majority.
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Yesterday, Trump told us to vote as if he were on the ballot.
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Vote as if he were on the ballot.
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That's what he said, and that is exactly what the American people did.
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Together, we stood up to authoritarianism and a president who does not believe in the Constitution or the rule of law,
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and we won.
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With Democratic control over the Senate and the House, we will now finally be able to hold Donald Trump accountable.
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That is a big deal.
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But as important as it is, it is not enough.
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We have got to do more.
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Whether we like it or not,
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we are living in an unprecedented moment in American history where our country faces extraordinary crises.
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We cannot and must not run away from them when Democrats assume power in January.
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These crises must be dealt with.
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It is no secret that in the United States and all over the world.
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People are giving up on democracy.
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Now, why is that?
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And the answer is that all over the world,
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not just in America, working families are struggling to put food on the table and pay for basic necessities,
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while the very richest people become much richer.
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And throughout our country and many other countries, ordinary people are saying, does their government,
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does their government even know that they exist
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or are elected officials too busy worrying about the needs of the rich and the powerful.
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This is an American issue, but in fact an international issue.
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And in my view, the American people have had enough.
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They are demanding real change and bold policies that will dramatically improve their lives.
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In the richest country on earth, the American people want a government that stands for working families,
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not billionaire campaign contributors.
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And that is not just Bernie Sanders talking.
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According to a recent AP poll, 80 % of registered voters want either,
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quote, complete and total upheaval or substantial change in how this country is run,
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and that includes 97 % of Democrats, 90 % of Independents, and 58 % of Republicans.
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In other words, the American people understand that the economy today is rigged,
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and that we cannot continue the same old, same old establishment politics and establishment policies.
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The American people want change, real change.
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And yesterday's election confirms just that.
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Let me give you some examples of what I mean and the issues that we have got to deal with.
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In our country today, income and wealth inequality has reached unprecedented levels.
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The top 1 % now owns more wealth than the bottom 93 percent.
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One man, Elon Musk, owns more wealth than the bottom 53 percent of American households.
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In my view, that is insane, and I think that's how most Americans feel.
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Democrats, when they gain control in January of the House and the Senate, cannot ignore this grotesque inequality.
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We must take on the greed of the very, very rich and their incredible wealth.
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And that means a Democratic Congress must pass a wealth tax on billionaires.
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At a time when billionaires pay a lower effective tax rate than truck drivers or nurses,
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we must enact a 5 % wealth tax on billionaires so that we can provide every working -class family in the country.
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A family of four with a $12 ,000 direct payment.
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In other words, if you're a working class family of four, that's $3 ,000 for every man, woman, and child.
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$12 ,000.
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Furthermore, with that tax on billionaires, we can build 7 million units of low -income and affordable housing.
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We can make public colleges and universities tuition -free,
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and we can provide universal free child care for 13 million children.
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That is what a wealth tax on billionaires can do.
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But taxing the oligarchs means more than just taking on their wealth.
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It means ending their stranglehold over our political system.
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Elon Musk and his billionaire friends have poured a record -breaking two billion dollars into the recent election.
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That is absurd.
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The American people want
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Congress to overturn
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Citizens United, abolish super PACs, and establish public funding of elections.
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Democracy must mean one person, one vote, not billionaires buying elections.
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But it's not just massive income and wealth inequality that we have to deal with or a corrupt campaign finance system.
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In America today, as everybody knows, and I get the same response wherever I go in this country,
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everybody understands that our health care system is broken, it is dysfunctional, and it is wildly expensive.
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We spend twice as much per person on health care as any other major country.
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Almost twice as much.
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Yet, despite that huge expenditure, more than 90 million
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Americans are uninsured or underinsured.
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Over a half a million people go bankrupt each year because of medical debt.
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We pay the highest prescription drug prices in the world and,
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tragically, more than 60 ,000 Americans die unnecessarily every year because they cannot afford medical care.
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How cruel is that?
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Yes, we must repeal the trillion dollars in cuts
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Trump made to Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act to prevent 15 million
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Americans from losing their health care.
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Yes, we must restore ACA tax credits to stop the outrageous premium spikes for 20 million
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Americans, but that is nowhere near enough.
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Health care must be considered as a human right, not a privilege.
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That means passing
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Medicare for All legislation now supported by 66 % of the American people.
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As an immediate first step, Democrats must lower the Medicare eligibility age from 65 down to 55,
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expand Medicare to cover dental, vision, and hearing, and guarantee universal health care coverage for every child from birth to age 19.
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All of this can be accomplished with 51 votes in the Senate through the reconciliation process.
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But it's not just income and wealth inequality that we have to deal with, or a corrupt campaign finance system, or a dysfunctional health care system.
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We must deal with artificial intelligence, the most transformational technology in the history of humanity.
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In America today, big tech oligarchs are spending trillions of dollars on artificial intelligence and robotics with virtually no regulation.
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This revolutionary technology will transform the lives of every man, woman and child in our country and around the world.
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Left unchecked, AI and robotics will destroy tens of millions of jobs, devastate our children's mental health,
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eviscerate our privacy rights, drive up electricity rates, strain water supplies, and transform warfare.
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If AI becomes smarter than human beings and escapes human control,
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it will also pose an existential threat to the very existence of humanity.
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We cannot allow a handful of big tech billionaires to become even richer
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and more powerful by ramming this dangerous technology down our throats.
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Democrats must enact a national moratorium on AI data centers,
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must pause advanced AI development, and ban superintelligence.
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And, by the way, I might mention that yesterday
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In the election, in dozens of communities throughout our country, citizens voted for a moratorium on the construction of data centers.
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In other words, a moratorium on data centers is exactly what the American people want.
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But my friends, it is not just oligarchy, a corrupt campaign finance system, a broken healthcare system, and uncontrolled AI.
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In America today, while the very rich get richer,
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60 % of our people live paycheck to paycheck and millions work long,
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long hours for incredibly low wages.
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That must change.
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The $7 .25 an hour federal minimum wage is a starvation wage.
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Democrats must raise it to a living wage of at least $20 an hour
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and make it easier for workers to form unions by passing the PRO Act.
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A job must lift people out of poverty, not keep them in it.
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Further, in our country today, one -third of our seniors are struggling economically, and more than 20 % survive,
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are trying to survive, on less than $15 ,000 a year.
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Nearly half of older
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Americans have no retirement savings and no idea how they will retire with a shred of dignity.
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Meanwhile, Elon Musk pays the same amount into Social Security as someone earning $184 ,600 a year.
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That is absurd.
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By applying the Social Security payroll tax to all income above $250 ,000, including capital gains and dividends,
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we could increase benefits by $2 ,400 a year, lift millions of seniors out of poverty, improve cost -of -living adjustments,
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and keep Social Security solvent for generations without raising taxes on the bottom 91 percent of Americans.
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We must also restore the traditional pension plans corporate America took away
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so that every worker can count on a guaranteed income in retirement.
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That is what a Democratic Congress must do.
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Let me be clear.
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In America today, we spend more on the military than the next six nations combined.
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Despite massive waste, fraud, and abuse,
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the Pentagon has repeatedly failed independent audits and cannot account for trillions of dollars in spending.
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Adding insult to injury,
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Trump has dragged us into an illegal and unconstitutional war in Iran that will cost hundreds of billions of dollars.
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We must end this disastrous war, we must cut off all funding for the genocidal government in Israel,
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and we must substantially reduce military spending.
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Instead of pouring $1 .1 trillion into a bloated
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Pentagon and never -ending wars, a Democratic Congress must build the best public education system in
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the world with no teacher earning less than $60 ,000 a year.
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And let me touch on one more subject that
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Democrats must deal with.
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Since Trump took office, ICE agents have shot American citizens in cold blood, have broken down doors to arrest people,
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and have sent five -year -old children to detention centers.
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These actions are not only immoral and disgraceful, they are unconstitutional.
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Democrats must immediately rescind the $75 billion
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Republicans gave Trump to fund his domestic army.
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Instead of ICE agents terrorizing communities throughout the country,
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we must finally move to comprehensive immigration reform and a path toward citizenship for the undocumented.
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Let's be clear.
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All of the policies I have just discussed and more that I have not mentioned are not radical.
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They are precisely what a strong majority of the American people want.
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So we are in a moment in American history where a lot of folks are losing faith in democracy.
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They are struggling every day just to stay alive,
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while at the same time billionaires have more money than they can spend in a thousand lifetimes.
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are getting richer and richer all of the time.
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So what we are talking about now is not only the need to fight for economic justice,
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we are fighting to give hope to the American people, to allow them to understand that in fact their government can work for them,
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can address the crises that they face, and will pay attention to the needs of the men,
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women, and children in our country who are struggling and not just the very, very wealthy campaign contributors.
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That is, in my view, what Democrats have got to do when they assume power in January.
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We can do it, we must do it, and I look forward to working with all of you to make sure that it happens.
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Thank you all very much.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Bernie Explains Whats Next After the Midterms” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: billionaire, wealth, Democrats วิดีโอนี้มี 158 ประโยค และ 1936 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 15:50 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 122 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| billionaire คำนาม | /ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/ | มหาเศรษฐี, กุฎุมพี |
| wage คำนาม | /weɪd͡ʒ/ | ค่าจ้าง, ค่าแรง |
| inequality คำนาม | /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ | ความเหลื่อมล้ำ |
| universal คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ | จักรวาล |
| earn คำกริยา | /ɝn/ | หาเงิน |
| poverty คำนาม | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | ความจน, ความยากจน |
| guarantee คำนาม | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | การรับประกัน |
| humanity คำนาม | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | มนุษยชาติ |
| artificial คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/ | เทียม |
| pour คำกริยา | /poɹ/ | เท |
| elect คำกริยา | /ɪˈlɛkt/ | เลือกตั้ง |
| absurd คำคุณศัพท์ | /əbˈsɜːd/ | บ้า |
| robotics คำนาม | /ɹoʊˈbɑ.tɪks/ | วิทยาการหุ่นยนต์ |
| ignore คำกริยา | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | เมิน |
| immigration คำนาม | /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/ | การเข้าเมือง, เข้าเมือง |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | were actively involved · must be dealt · are elected |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have had · has reached · have poured |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
- เสียง “th”: throat /ˈθɹoʊt/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, authoritarianism /ɔˌθɔːɹɪˈtɛːɹiən.ɪzm̩/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: inequality /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: wage /weɪd͡ʒ/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, robotics /ɹoʊˈbɑ.tɪks/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, privacy /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: citizenship /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/, pose /poʊz/, pause /pɔːz/, disastrous /dɪˈzæs.tɹəs/, authoritarianism /ɔˌθɔːɹɪˈtɛːɹiən.ɪzm̩/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง billionaire, wage, inequality เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ