शैडोइंग अभ्यास: stop running away from reality. - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
1
My life is like a Christopher Nolan movie.
2
I don't really understand what's going on.
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What would you tell him or her?
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I'd say don't try to understand it, just feel it.
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Thank you.
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I feel that over the last couple decades, I feel that over time,
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we've started to view reality as the core cousin to our dreams in a sense.
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We've started to think of reality as this kind of grey pebble at the center of wonderful abstract thought that transcends it.
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And I want to make the case to you that our dreams, our virtual realities, these abstractions that we enjoy and we surround ourselves with,
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they are subsets of reality.
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Inception had something to say about this, and I apologize to those of you who haven't seen it because I'm about to spoil the ending of it for you.
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But at the end of the film, there's a spinning top that's spinning and if it falls or doesn't for is the key idea.
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Is it a dream?
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Is it reality?
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And the way the end of that film worked, Leonardo DiCaprio's character, Cobb, he was off with his kids, he was in his own subjective reality,
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and didn't really care anymore.
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And that makes a statement that perhaps all levels of reality are equally valid.
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The camera moves over to the spinning top, and just before the spinning top appears to be wobbling, there's a cut to black.
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I skip out of the back of the theater before people catch me.
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And there's a very, very strong reaction from the audience, usually a bit of a groan.
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But the point is, objectively, it matters to the audience in absolute terms,
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even though what they're watching is a fiction, is its own virtual reality.
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But the question of whether that's a dream
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or whether it's real is the one I've been asked the most about any of the films I've made.
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It matters to people enormously.
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And that's the point about reality.
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Reality matters.
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It won't be transcended.
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We had a dream of being outside for this occasion.
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Reality intervened and we're in here.
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We live in the real world, we deal in the real world.
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And I think what I was saying earlier about communications, it's time for something of a reframing.
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And it's something that your generation could do that my generation can't.
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We are firmly embedded in the belief that we have changed the world in all kinds of incredible ways.
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And we have all kinds of ways of selling this to you.
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And, you know, we use fancy words like disruption, which is essentially a form of sort of economic nihilism,
37
whereby you judge the value of a company by how much
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it can stop other companies making money rather than what they actually make themselves.
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That's there for those of you going into finance, by the way.
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Just trying to lay a little groundwork there.
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And we use words, slippery words, like algorithm.
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Now if you hear someone use the word algorithm and they're not a mathematics professor or a computer scientist, they're probably trying to obscure what it is they actually do,
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what their company does.
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At the very least, they're trying to evade any responsibility for what it is
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that their company does or what it actually does.
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I would love for you to be suspicious of this.
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I would love for you to look at fundamentals, to look at, okay, what are we really doing in the world?
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What is the change that is being affected?
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how can we actually move the ball forward, progress in this way?
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Oscar Wilde once said, the old believe everything, the middle-aged suspect everything, the young know everything.
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You do know everything.
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I'm clearly in my suspicious phase.
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And I'd love to impart some of that to you because I think there's an enormous amount of work to be done.
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And in the great tradition of these speeches, I don't have to tell you how to do it I just have to tell you that it's your problem now
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And in the great tradition of these speeches
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Generally what happens is the speaker says something along the lines of you need to chase your dreams
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But I'm not gonna say that because I don't believe it.
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I don't want you to chase your dreams I want you to chase your reality.
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And I want you to understand that you chase your reality not at the expense of your dreams, but as the foundation of your dreams.
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It's very, very important that you take the elevated position that you have achieved over these four years.
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The advantage is that this fantastic education has conferred on you
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and you do everything you can with it to improve the world, to improve reality.
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in whatever field you're going off to work in, I think looking at fundamentals, looking at how people are really affected by what you do,
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I think you have limitless potential.
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And there's been a certain amount of talk about Batman.
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But nobody's pointed out the most important thing about Bruce Wayne, which is, yes, he attended Princeton, but he didn't graduate.
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He didn't graduate, and so as of tomorrow, you are all already better than Batman.
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You're doing me a great honor by inviting me here to be a part of this very, very important time in your lives.
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I am so excited for your future and so very grateful for you inviting me here.
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And I wish you all the best tomorrow and indeed with the rest of your lives.
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Thank you very much.
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I never went to film school.
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I never studied filmmaking in any way.
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I started making films when I was a kid, when I was, I think, seven years old.
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making films using my dad's Super 8 camera and action figures, doing stop-motion films, a little bit of animation, and a certain amount of live action.
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And I just carried on making films as I grew up.
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And over the years they got bigger, hopefully better, but more elaborate.
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And there never really was a period of my life where I completely stopped doing that.
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So I was always moving up eventually from Super 8 to 16mm films.
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And then I think what following represents is kind of the
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peak of what I was able to do on my own or just with friends,
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just using our own resources and borrowing equipment and sort of using the things around us to make a film.
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You have to stick to your guns.
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You have to find something that you can do that maybe other people couldn't do.
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And even if that seems different or doesn't fit into people's expectations, that's what's going to distinguish it if you can do it successfully.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह C1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “stop running away from reality” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: reality, film, dream। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 85 वाक्य और 1143 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 8:08 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 140 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 86% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| algorithm संज्ञा | /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/ | अल्गोरिद्म |
| suspicious विशेषण | /səˈspɪʃ.əs/ | संदिग्ध |
| abstraction संज्ञा | /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/ | अमूर्तन, भावानयन |
| groundwork संज्ञा | /ˈɡɹaʊndˌwɜːɹk/ | नींव, आधार |
| limitless विशेषण | असीम, अपार | |
| nihilism संज्ञा | /ˈnaɪ.əˌlɪz.m̩/ | शून्यवाद, नकारवाद |
| pebble संज्ञा | /ˈpɛbəl/ | पत्थर |
| subset संज्ञा | /ˈsʌbˌsɛt/ | उपसमुच्चय |
| slippery विशेषण | /ˈslɪpəɹi/ | रपटीला, फिसलाऊ |
| disruption संज्ञा | /dɪsˈɹʌpʃən/ | विघटन, रुकावट |
| surround क्रिया | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | घेरना |
| subjective विशेषण | /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ | आत्मनिष्ठ |
| obscure विशेषण | /əbˈskjʊɹ/ | धुंधला |
| expectation संज्ञा | /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ | आशा, अपेक्षा |
| elaborate क्रिया | /ɪˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/ | विस्तृत |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- I don't really understand what's going on.
- What would you tell him or her?
- Reality intervened and we're in here.
- I'm clearly in my suspicious phase.
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | we've started · haven't seen · I've been asked |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | I've been asked · won't be transcended · being affected |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | disruption, which is · Wayne, which is |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 31 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे don't, they're, didn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/, abstraction /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/, inception /ɪnˈsɛpʃən/, disruption /dɪsˈɹʌpʃən/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: objectively /əbˈd͡ʒɛktɪvli/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, elaborate /ɪˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर algorithm, suspicious, abstraction जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।