Pratica di Shadowing: GCSE Maths - Alternate, Corresponding and Allied Angles - Parallel Lines Angle Rules (2026/27 exams) - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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Thank you.
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In this video, we're going to cover how you can use the rules of alternate angles, corresponding angles, and allied angles.
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Importantly though, we only use these rules in one specific scenario.
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which is where we have two parallel lines running alongside each other like this, and then another line, which we can call a transversal, cutting through them both.
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Whenever this happens, we end up with two groups of angles.
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One here at the bottom, and another one here at the top.
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And there are four important points that you want to notice about these angles.
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The first is that both groups of angles are both exactly the same.
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For example, in this case, they both have a 120 degree, a 60 degree, another 120 degree, and another 60 degree angle.
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The second point is that each group only contains two different angles.
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In this case, 60 degree angles.
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and 120 degree angles.
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The third point is that the two different angles will always add up to 180 degrees.
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For example here, where our angles are 60 degrees and 120 degrees, These two add up to 180 degrees.
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And the last point is that vertically opposite angles are always the same.
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For example, these two 60 degree angles are considered vertically opposite which is why they're both 60 degrees.
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and likewise these two 120 degree angles are also vertically opposite.
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Now, as long as you properly understand all of these rules, You can use this knowledge to work out unknown angles if one of them is missing.
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For example, if we had to find this angle here, marked x.
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we'd be able to tell that it's 60 degrees.
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Either because it's opposite this 60 degree angle, and we know that vertically opposite angles are always equal,
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or because we know that it has to add to this 120 degrees to make 180.
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To help with more complicated questions though, there are three more rules that are worth memorizing.
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The first rule is that alternate angles are the same.
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And what I mean by alternate angles is the two angles found in the corners of a Z shape like this.
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For example, if we look at our diagram, we can see that the Z shape is here.
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even though it's been flipped around in this case.
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And so it's these two 60 -degree angles that we consider alternate angles.
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The second rule is pretty similar, but says that corresponding angles are the same.
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and corresponding angles are these two angles that you find in an F shape.
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For example, on our diagram, the F shape is here.
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So these two 60 degree angles are corresponding angles.
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The third rule is that allied angles add up to 180 degrees.
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and allied angles are just the interior angles of a C shape.
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So in this diagram, these two angles would add together to make 180 degrees.
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We also sometimes call these co -interior angles, or just interior angles.
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So just know that allied, co -interior and interior all mean the same thing here.
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If we look on our main diagram, we can see one of these C shapes here.
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So the allied angles would be this 60 degrees, and this is 120 degrees.
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which indeed do add together to make 180.
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One thing to point out with all of these rules is that you'll sometimes see them in other orientations.
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like flip it around, in which case they'll be harder to spot.
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But as long as they have the same combination of two parallel lines and one transversal, then the rules are going to be the same.
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To see how it all works in practice, let's have a go at this exam question.
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So in this question we have a pair of parallel lines
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AB and CD and then a transversal that cuts through the two of them.
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and we need to find the missing angles x and y Now, because of all of the different rules that we can use, there are normally multiple ways that we can do questions like this.
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And so there's no one correct way of doing it.
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The way I would do it though is notice that this section here is like a backwards C shape.
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and do the 135 degrees and the x are allied or co -interior angles.
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which means that they must add together to make 180 degrees.
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So we now know that 135 plus x equals 180.
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which means that x is 45 degrees.
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And then because y is vertically opposite x, we know that y must be 45 degrees as well.
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Anyway, that's the end of this video.
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So like always, if you want to practice questions on any of this stuff, then head over to our platform.
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If you want to go to this particular lesson, then click on the link down in the description below.
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Or if you want to see our platform in general, then click on the link in the top right corner of this screen.
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Otherwise, we'll see you next time.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B1 si basa sul video “GCSE Maths - Alternate, Corresponding and Allied Angles - Parallel Lines Angle Rules”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: angle, degree, rule, shape, add. Questo video contiene 59 frasi e 817 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:34. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 147 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 86% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 13 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| ally sostantivo | /ˈæl.aɪ/ | alleato, alleata |
| vertically avverbio | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/ | verticalmente |
| correspond verbo | /ˌkoɹəˈspɑnd/ | corrispondere |
| diagram sostantivo | /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ | diagramma |
| alternate aggettivo | /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət/ | alterno, alternato |
| parallel aggettivo | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌlɛl/ | parallelo |
| flip verbo | /flɪp/ | capovolgere, spadellare |
| memorize verbo | /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ | memorizzare, imparare a memoria |
| backward aggettivo | /ˈbækwɚd/ | indietro, retromarcia |
| likewise avverbio | /ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz/ | ugualmente, similarmente |
| orientation sostantivo | /ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/ | orientamento |
| scenario sostantivo | /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/ | scenario, panorama |
| examination sostantivo | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | esame, visita |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | are considered · been flipped · are allied |
| Futuro con “will” will + verbo — una decisione, una promessa o una previsione | will always add · you'll sometimes see · they'll be |
| Obbligo: must / have to / need to dire che qualcosa è necessario | had to find · has to add · need to find |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — qualcosa che succede adesso o in questo periodo | is missing · are corresponding |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 6 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come they'll, they're, we'd. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: orientation /ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: vertically /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/, orientation /ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come ally, vertically, correspond.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.