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In this video we're going to learn about the periodic table.
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So we'll cover what the periodic table tells us about the structure of atoms in different elements, how the table organises elements into metals and non-metals,
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what groups and periods are, and then also how patterns in reactions can be predicted using the periodic table.
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Let's begin by looking at what the periodic table tells us about different elements.
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Now the periodic table organises all of the known elements, and everything in the universe is created from different combinations of the elements in this table.
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Each element is shown in a separate box, so for instance this box shows copper and this one shows oxygen.
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If we use sodium as an example, we can see that every box contains three pieces of key information.
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Firstly we can see the one or two letter symbol for each element, in this case it's Na which stands for sodium.
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Next we can also see the number of protons each atom of that element has.
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Then lastly we can see this larger number here
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which tells us the total number of protons plus neutrons in an atom of that element.
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So now let's move on to see how the periodic table organises elements.
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Just like a book the periodic table is read from left to right and from top to bottom, with the elements arranged in order of an increasing number of protons.
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Sometimes you might see a zigzag line running along here, and this line separates the metals, shown here in orange, from the non-netals here on the right, shown in blue.
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Now the table's organised into vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods.
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So starting on the far left, we have group 1, then groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
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And then at the end, rather than group 8, it goes to group 0.
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Group 1 elements are known as the alkali metals, whilst group 7 are the halogens, and group 0 are the noble gases.
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This block in the middle here are all metals, but you don't need to worry about their group numbers, so just remember to skip them when you're counting your groups.
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Then to finish up, let's take a look at how patterns in reactions can be predicted using the periodic table.
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The first thing to know is that the elements within a group usually all have similar chemical properties.
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As an example, all the elements in group 1 here react strongly with water, and they're all soft and shiny.
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Meanwhile, all the elements in group 0 are really unreactive, which basically means that they're very unlikely to react with anything else.
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There are also patterns within groups though.
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In the case of group 1, they become more reactive as you go down the group.
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What this means is that even though all the elements are reactive, the elements lower down in group 1 react much more strongly than those higher up in the group.
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For instance, when lithium reacts with water it just fizzes a bit, but when rubidium reacts with water it explodes violently.
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On the other hand, if we look at group 7, the elements become less reactive as you go down the group.
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So fluorine is the most reactive while astartine is the least reactive.
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If you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito.org.
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You'll also find questions, flashcards, exam style questions and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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sign up for free by clicking here or browse our playlist here on YouTube.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello C1 si basa sul video “KS3 Chemistry - The periodic Table”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: element, table, periodic, reactive, metals. Questo video contiene 33 frasi e 599 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 3:42. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 162 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Il 84% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| periodic aggettivo | /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/ | periodico |
| proton sostantivo | /ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/ | protone |
| atom sostantivo | /ˈætəm/ | atomo |
| sodium sostantivo | /ˈsəʊ.di.əm/ | sodio |
| predict verbo | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | profetizzare |
| alkali sostantivo | /ˈæl.kəˌlaɪ/ | alcali, base |
| fluorine sostantivo | /ˈflʊ(ə)ɹˌin | fluoro |
| halogen sostantivo | /ˈhæl.ə.d͡ʒən/ | alogeno |
| neutron sostantivo | /ˈnu.tɹɑn/ | neutrone |
| rubidium sostantivo | /ˌɹuːˈbɪd.i.əm/ | rubidio |
| zigzag sostantivo | /ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ/ | zigzag |
| lithium sostantivo | /ˈlɪθi.əm/ | litio |
| browse verbo | /bɹaʊz/ | sfogliare, scartabellare |
| playlist sostantivo | /ˈpleɪˌlɪst/ | playlist |
| violently avverbio | /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləntli/ | violentamente |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| run along verbo | partire |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 8 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come they're, don't, haven't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: periodic /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/, rubidium /ˌɹuːˈbɪd.i.əm/, violently /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləntli/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come periodic, proton, atom.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.